文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：杭州湾滩涂湿地鱼类种类组成和多样性季节变化

英文题名：Seasonal changes of fish species composition and diversity in mudflat wetlands of Hangzhou Bay

作者：贾兴焕[1] 张衡[2] 蒋科毅[1] 吴明[1]

第一作者：贾兴焕

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所国家林业局杭州湾湿地生态系统定位研究站;[2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所渔业资源遥感信息技术重点开放实验室

年份：2010

期号：12

起止页码：3248-3254

中文期刊名：应用生态学报

外文期刊名：Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

收录：MEDLINE(收录号：21443016);CSTPCD;;Scopus(收录号：2-s2.0-79952571891);北大核心:【北大核心2008】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；PubMed;

基金：中国林科院亚热带林业研究所事业费科研专项(RISF6927);大洋生物资源开发和利用上海市高校重点实验室开放基金(KF200802和KF200908);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(2008Z01)项目资助

语种：中文

中文关键词：杭州湾;滩涂湿地;鱼类组成;季节变化

外文关键词：Hangzhou Bay; mudflat wetland; fish composition; seasonal change.

分类号：Q958.15

摘要：根据2009年3月(初春)、5月(春)、7月(夏)和10月(秋)在杭州湾南岸滩涂湿地的滩涂区、围垦区及养殖区等3种生境进行的36网次鱼类调查数据,分析了该水域不同生境下鱼类群落的种类组成和多样性的时空变化特征.结果表明:本次调查共采获鱼类41种,隶属9目16科,其中鲤科鱼类最多,有14种,占总种数的33.3%,虾虎鱼科次之,有8种,占19.1%.根据鱼类生活习性,杭州湾鱼类群落结构包括5种类型,其中,淡水种最多(21种),咸淡水种次之(16种),近海鱼类仅2种,溯河和降海产卵洄游鱼类分别只有刀鲚和日本鳗鲡.从丰度来看,夏季鱼类平均丰度最高,达每网54.5尾;春季和秋季次之;初春最低,为每网17.7尾.不同生境中,滩涂区和围垦区鱼类丰度季节变化较为类似,初春(3月)最低,随后逐渐增加,夏季达到最高,秋季又显著降低.不同季节,各区块的优势种仅为2～3种.滩涂区以鲻和棱鮻为优势种,而围垦区和养殖区以鲫、、麦穗鱼为优势种.3月各区块的Margalef物种丰富度指数(D)、Pielou均匀度指数(J)和Shannon多样性指数(H)值均低于其他月份,而5、7和10月无显著差异(P>0.05).H值变化范围为0.27～2.13,3月平均值最低,其次为7月,而5和10月较高(1.66和1.63).总体上杭州湾滩涂湿地鱼类种类丰度和多样性具有较为明显的季节变化.
In order to understand the spatiotemporal variation of fish species composition and biodiversity in the mudflat wetlands of Hangzhou Bay,thirty six surveys were conducted in the mudflat area,inning area,and aquaculture area in the south bank of the Bay in March （ early spring） ,May （ spring） ,July （ summer） ,and October （ autumn） ,2009. A total of 41 species belonging to 9 orders and 16 families were observed,among which,Cyprinid had the largest species number （ 14 species,33. 3% of the total） ,followed by Gobiidae （ 8 species,19. 1% ） . According to the lifestyle of fish,these 41 species could be divided into five ecological types,i. e. ,freshwater type （ 21 species） ,brackish-water type （ 16 species） ,inshore type （ 2 species） ,anadromous type （ Coilia ectenes） ,and catadromios type （ Anguilla japonica） . The fish abundance was the highest （ 54. 5 fish per net） in summer,followed by in spring and autumn,and the lowest （ 17. 7 fish per net） in early spring. In the three habitats,mudflat area and inning area had the similar seasonal change of fish abundance,i. e. ,the lowest in early spring,the highest in summer,and then decreased in autumn. Only two or three species were the dominant species in different seasons. In mud-flat area,the dominant species were Mugil cephalus and Liza carinatus; while in inning and aquaculture areas,the dominant species were Carassius auratus,Hemiculter leucisculus,and Pseudorasbora parva. The values of Margalef’s richness index （ D） ,Pielou’s evenness index （ J） ,and Shannon index （ H） were lower in March than in other months,but had no significant differences among May, July,and October （ P 0. 05） . The H value ranged in 0. 27-2. 13,being the lowest in March and higher in May and October （ 1. 66 and 1. 63,respectively） . Overall,the fish abundance and biodiversity in the mudflat wetlands of Hangzhou Bay had apparent seasonal changes.