文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：放牧对甘肃多儿保护区大熊猫小种群形成的驱动探讨

英文题名：A Study on the Driving Effect of Grazing on Giant Panda Small Population Formation in Gansu Duoer Reserve

作者：杨志娇[1,2] 马佳雯[1,2] 文菀玉[1,2] 王宇航[1,2] 刘刚[1,2] 李惠鑫[1,2] 高军[3] 杨振国[4] 闹九次仁[4] 加保次仁[4] 龚明昊[1,2]

第一作者：杨志娇

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,北京100091;[2]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,北京100091;[3]甘肃省野生动植物保护站,兰州730050;[4]甘肃多儿国家级自然保护区管护中心,迭部747400

年份：2023

卷号：58

期号：2

起止页码：198-208

中文期刊名：动物学杂志

外文期刊名：Chinese Journal of Zoology

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；CSCD:【CSCD_E2023_2024】；

基金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.31971430)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：放牧;多儿保护区;大熊猫;小种群;栖息地

外文关键词：Graze;Duoer Reserve;Giant Panda,Ailuropoda melanoleuca;Small population;Suitable habitat

分类号：Q958

摘要：小种群是在自然因素或人为活动影响下,形成具有生存风险的隔离或异质种群,认识其形成原因并制定保护对策是开展救护行动的基础。野生大熊猫(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)具有许多相互隔离的小种群,各小种群的生存状况决定该物种的整体保护成效。本文以甘肃多儿保护区大熊猫种群为例,在对保护区内大熊猫进行种群分布、空间利用、干扰状况调查的基础上,开展栖息地适宜性评价,分析了保护区大熊猫有效利用空间及其时空格局与环境容纳量。结果显示:(1)保护区适宜栖息地面积5789.2 hm^(2),次适宜栖息地面积18165.6 hm^(2),共占保护区总面积43.9%。优质栖息地主要分布在工布龙区域,该区域森林和生态系统保持原生状态,也是保护区大熊猫的主要分布区;(2)工布龙区域总面积9949.7 hm^(2),其中适宜和次适宜栖息地共5129.4 hm^(2),牧场是大熊猫栖息地的主要干扰因子,放牧干扰下工布龙区域适宜和次适宜栖息地面积共减少12.9%,破碎化水平加剧;(3)牧场与大熊猫栖息地镶嵌分布,导致适宜栖息地隔离,放牧活动有季节性,为回避放牧干扰大熊猫被迫季节性地沿海拔逆行迁移,夏季可供其利用的适宜栖息地面积减少为364.0 hm^(2)、次适宜栖息地面积1088.9 hm^(2),冬、春季分布区可利用的适宜栖息地756.4 hm^(2)、次适宜栖息地面积1719.2 hm^(2)。研究表明,牧场布局和放牧活动导致大熊猫有效生存空间隔离和供给不足,尤其夏季最低环境容纳量仅为2或3只,无法保障较大种群长期驻留,并对其生活史和种群适合度造成影响,使遇见率长期偏低。建议通过优化功能区划、调整牧场布局及加强对放牧活动的管控,减小栖息地干扰和增加供给,开展小种群复壮等措施改善该小种群的栖息环境和生存状况。
[Objectives]Small populations are isolated or heterogeneous populations with survival risks under the influence of natural factors or anthropogenic activities,and understanding their formation are the basis to formulate conservation strategy and rescue programme.The Giant Panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)has many small populations which are isolated from each other,and the living conditions of the small populations will determine the overall conservation effectiveness of the species.[Methods]Taking the Giant Panda population in Duoer Reserve of Gansu Province as an example(Fig.1),based on the investigation of population distribution,space utilization and disturbance status of the Giant Panda in the reserve,the habitat suitability assessment was completed,and the spatial and temporal pattern of effective utilization of the Giant Panda and its environmental capacity are also analyzed(Table 1).[Results]The results showed that:(1)The suitable habitat area of the reserve is 5789.2 hm^(2),and the sub-suitable habitat area is 18165.6 hm^(2),accounting for 43.9%of the total area of the reserve(Table 2).The high-quality habitat is mainly distributed in Gongbulong area,which is the main distribution area of Giant Pandas in the reserve(Fig.2).(2)Grazing is the main disturbance factor of Giant Panda habitat in the Gongbulong area,and the pasture occupies 43.7%of this area.The total area of suitable and sub-suitable habitats in the Gongbulong area decreased by 1200.9 hm^(2) under grazing interference,accounting for a decrease of 12.9%in the total area of the region(Fig.3,Table 3);moreover,the fragmentation of habitat got worse.(3)Pasture inserted into Giant Panda habitat and shaped mosaic pattern with habitat,it also led to the isolation of suitable habitat.Due to the seasonal features for grazing,Giant Pandas were forced to choose seasonal migration along altitude retrograde to avoid the interference,which resulted in a suitable habitat area of 364.0 hm^(2) available for their use,sub-suitable habitat area is 1088.9 hm^(2) in summer,and the available suitable habitats are 756.4 hm^(2) and the sub-suitable habitat area is 1719.2 hm^(2) in winter and spring(Table 4).[Conclusion]Studies have shown that the spatial pattern of pastures and grazing activities lead to insufficiency of living space and habitat isolation for Giant Pandas.Especially in summer,the minimum environmental capacity is only 2 to 3,which cannot guarantee the long-term survival of large populations.It also affects their life history and population fitness resulting in a low encounter rate in field.It is suggested to optimize the functional zoning,adjust the pasture layout,control the grazing activities to reduce the disturbance and increase the habitat supply,and implement Ex-situ conservation programme to improve the habitat environment and living conditions of the small population.