文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：外来树种生物入侵研究现状与进展

英文题名：Current Status and Progress of Studies in Biological Invasion of Exotic Trees

作者：郑勇奇[1] 张川红[1]

第一作者：郑勇奇

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所国家林业局森林培育重点实验室

年份：2006

卷号：42

期号：11

起止页码：114-122

中文期刊名：林业科学

外文期刊名：Scientia Silvae Sinicae

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2004】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；

基金：科学技术部社会公益研究专项(2002DIB10255)

语种：中文

中文关键词：生物入侵;外来树种;生态风险

外文关键词：biological invasion; exotic tree species; ecological impacts

分类号：S722.7

摘要：外来树种如果形成生物入侵,对生态系统会产生多方面影响,其中最严重的是对入侵地生物多样性和生态系统功能的影响。生物入侵造成的危害具有爆发性和长期性,且不可逆转。与其他种类的生物相比,外来树种的入侵具有很长的时滞,预测比较困难。我国引种的外来树种数量多,过去对外来树种的生物入侵研究很少,开展外来树种入侵性评价和生态风险评估,制定统一的技术规程和标准,确定各种外来树种的入侵性等级,对我国林业经济和生态环境建设具有重要价值和意义。我国在外来树种生物入侵方面的研究起步较晚,建立外来树种信息系统,加强信息交流与共享,制定外来树种入侵评价标准与风险评估体系,研究建立外来树种监测及生物入侵早期预警系统是未来的研究重点。正确处理林木引种与生物入侵的相互关系,对外来树种进行生物入侵风险评估,制定生物入侵防范战略,可以有效地防止生物入侵的发生。同时也要针对树木的生命周期长、具有重要利用价值的特点,避免夸大外来树种的生物入侵风险,更好地促进外来树种事业的发展。
Many examples have proved that exotic trees can produce great ecological, economic biological invasion of exotic trees has drawn increasing attention. The potential risk of biological not be overlooked in any tree introduction program. Correct understanding of the concepts of exoti and social benefits. However, invasion of exotic trees should cs, invasiveness of exotic trees and risk of invasion is needed to develop sound strategies for preventing and controlling potential biological invasion of exotic trees. Many studies have been carried out in many countries to assess invasiveness of exotic plants, patterns of biological invasicn and consequences of invasion, to predict potential invasion risk and to develop strategies for prevention and control of invasive alien plants. However, much fewer studies were concentrated on exotic tree species due to scarce literature available on invasive trees. Similar to alien invasive plants, invasive exotic trees can have negative impacts in multiple aspects on environment, most severely on biodiversity and ecosystem functions, which are usually in large-scale, long term and irreversible. Based on literatu：＇e review of 1 211 exotic tree species, 443 species are invasive or potentially invasive, accounting for 39 % of the total number. 282 invasive tree species have been used in forestry operations. Invasion usually occurs in steps of introduction, establishment and rapid spread. Risk assessment should be conducted for any future tree introduction program. Trees have much longer life cycle compared to other types of biological organisms such as insects and grasses, therefore the time-lag of invasion is long, making it more difficult to predict the potential of invasion. Moreover, most of exotic trees have great values for its timber and can be utilized once found to be invasive. These unique features of exotic trees should be considered in developing strategies for invasion control. Criteria and indicators should be developed to assess invasiveness and ecological impacts of exotic trees. Risk assessment of biological invasion should be conducted prior to any tree introduction. Invasiveness can be assessed according to the biological characteristics of alien tree species. However, ecological impacts can only be assessed through long - term monitoring and evaluation.