文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Enhancing flame retardancy and smoke suppression of melamine urea-formaldehyde resin with phosphorus-based metal complexes: A comparative study of Mg2+, Ca2+, and Al3+

作者：Jia, Hongyu[1] Guo, Yangxu[2] Chen, Zhilin[1] Wang, Junfeng[3] Doering, Manfred[4] Liang, Shanqing[1] Jiang, Peng[1]

通信作者：Jiang, P[1]

机构：[1]Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, Xiangshan Rd, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China;[2]China Univ Min & Technol, Beijing 10008, Peoples R China;[3]Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Reg Forestry Res Inst, Nanning 530002, Peoples R China;[4]Fraunhofer Inst Struct Durabil & Syst Reliabil LBF, Schlossgartenstr 6, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany

年份：2025

卷号：239

外文期刊名：POLYMER DEGRADATION AND STABILITY

收录：;WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:001494086600001)】；

基金：This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 32301524) , Guangxi Key Research and Develop Pro-gram (Grant No. GUIKE AB24010350, Guangxi Department of Science and Technology-Guangxi Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. GUIKE AA23062009) and the Innovation Capability Enhancement Project for Technological Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Shandong Province (Grant No. 2022TSGC2525) .

语种：英文

外文关键词：Complex flame retardant; Core metal; Flammable combustion; Flameless pyrolysis; Smoke toxicity

摘要：Melamine urea-formaldehyde resin (MUF) is widely used as an adhesive in wood processing, where it acts like the skeletal structure of the human body, binding various wood components to form engineered wood products. Like wood, MUF is flammable, and its organic components exacerbate smoke and toxic gas release during combustion, a challenge addressed by composite flame retardants combining organic retardants with metal ions for improved performance. In this study, a phosphorus-based ligand (PAP) was used to complex with Mg2+, Ca2+, and Al3+, forming PAP@Mg, PAP@Ca, and PAP@Al complex flame retardants that, when applied to MUF, enhance its flame retardancy, smoke suppression, while maintaining coating performance and bonding strength. Cone calorimeter tests revealed that PAP@Mg and PAP@Al reduced the total heat release rate (THR) of MUF by 32.50 % and 20.43 %, respectively, while decreasing total smoke release (TSR) by 55.56 % and 67.61 %, along with suppressing CO and CO2 emissions. Under non-flaming pyrolysis conditions, all three flame retardants lowered MUF's specific optical smoke density (Ds4min) by more than 63.2 %. Notably, PAP@Mg showed the best performance in reducing toxic gases (HCN, CO) and combustible gases (CH4, C2H6), demonstrating superior smoke suppression and toxicity reduction. This study evaluates the impact of different metal types on the flameretardant and smoke-suppressing properties of composite flame retardants, offering new insights for enhancing the combustion safety of MUF-based wood materials and expanding their potential applications.