文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：濒危植物四合木种群传粉生态学研究

英文题名：Study on Pollination Ecology of Endangered Plant Tetraena mongolica Population

作者：徐庆[1] 姜春前[2] 刘世荣[1] 郭泉水[1]

第一作者：徐庆

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所;[2]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所

年份：2003

卷号：16

期号：4

起止页码：391-397

中文期刊名：林业科学研究

外文期刊名：Forest Research

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2000】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；

基金：国家自然科学基金九.五重大项目(39893360)基金资助

语种：中文

中文关键词：濒危植物;四合木;种群;传粉生态学;濒危机制;开花习性

外文关键词：endangered plant; Tetraena mongolica; bloomming temperament; pollination ecology

分类号：Q949.752.6

摘要：为探索四合木的濒危机制,对四合木种群的传粉生态学进行了初步研究。研究地点设在内蒙古杭锦旗地区,时间为1998年3—10月。研究结果表明:四合木花部形态有以下变异:萼片4～5,花瓣4～5,雄蕊8～10,心皮4～5。四合木的花期为5月上旬至6月初,单朵花的花期约为4～5d,整株开花可持续8～15d。花在上午盛开,下午花的多数萼片、花瓣呈半合拢状。在花开之前,花丝和花柱就已伸长,而且柱头高出花药2～3mm。花盛开时,花丝进一步伸长,与柱头近相等,内轮4～5个雄蕊花药先开裂,开裂方式为背向纵裂;花药紧围靠着雌蕊柱头,柱头有分泌物,可与花药粘在一起;外轮4～5个雄蕊花药至少晚一天开裂。花将谢时,花药全部开裂;花粉散毕之后,萼片、花瓣又闭上,并在几天后脱落。四合木种群传粉媒介是昆虫(主要是蜂类和蚁类)。四合木的传粉效率较低:50%的柱头上无花粉,20%的柱头上有1～2个花粉,30%的柱头上有多个花粉;只有25%的花柱中有多个花粉管。四合木的座果率为57.36%～68.76%,结籽率为1.26%～2.8%。在生境条件较差的群落中,座果率较高,这是其适应恶劣环境所采取的生殖对策。结实率低的主要原因是传粉过程受到障碍,即传粉媒介(昆虫)的访花频率极低,使得柱头上的花粉量受到限制。
In order to probe the endangered mechanism of Tetraena mongolica, the pollination ecology of this plant species was studied in the Hang Jiqi Prefecture of Inner Mongolia of China. The results were as follows. The flower morphology was changed with the characteristic of sepals 4～5, petals 4～5, stamens 8～10 and carpel 4～5. Its florescence was from May to the beginning of June with blossoming time of one flower 4～5 days and that of whole tree 8～15 days. The flowers were blooming in the morning and sepal and petal half-open in the afternoon. Before flowering, the filament and style of flowers elongate and the stigma was 2～3 mm higher than the anther. In the time of blooming, the filament was nearly as high as the style, the 4～5 anthers inner stamen crack back, and the secretion was seen in the stigma of the pistil. 4～5 anthers outer stamen crack back one day lately at least. When the flowers wither, all anthers crack back and disperse, and the sepal and petal full close and fall down several days later. The pollen media of Tetraena mongolica Maxim was insects (bees and ants) and the pollination efficiency was low. 50% of stigmas have no pollen, 20% have 1～2 pollens, and only 30% have many pollens. Many pollen tubes were only seen in 25% of stigmas under fluorescentmicroscope. The transformation rate of flowering to fruiting changed from 57.36% to 68.76% and the rate of seed bearing was from 1.26% to 2.80%. Transition rate from flower to fruit was high in the community with worse habitat condition, which was the reproductive strategy of Tetraena mongolica to adapt itself to the hard environment and low fructification rate came from the obstacle in the process of pollination.