文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：川西亚高山岷江冷杉原始林物种组成与群落结构特征

英文题名：Species Composition and Community Structures of Abies fargesii var.faxoniana Primary Forests in the Subalpine Region of Western Sichuan,China

作者：陈健[1,2] 许格希[1,2] 刘顺[1,2] 陈淼[1,2] 邢红爽[1,2] 李非凡[1,2] 史作民[1,2,3]

第一作者：陈健

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091;[2]四川米亚罗森林生态系统定位观测研究站,四川理县623100;[3]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,南京210037

年份：2023

卷号：3

期号：3

起止页码：48-57

中文期刊名：陆地生态系统与保护学报

外文期刊名：Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2021ZA002-2,CAFYBB2022QC002,CAFYBB2022SY021,CAFYBB2022SY024);“十四五”国家重点研发计划课题(2021YFD2200405)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：亚高山;岷江冷杉;林线;重要值;径级结构

外文关键词：Subalpine;Abies fargesii var.faxoniana;timberline;importance value;diameter distribution

分类号：S718

摘要：【目的】研究青藏高原东缘林线附近的亚高山暗针叶林物种共存与生物多样性维持机制,为气候变化背景下川西亚高山森林生态系统的保护与管理和区域天然林保护与修复提供科学依据。【方法】于青藏高原东缘林线附近选取在亚高山暗针叶林中具有典型代表性的岷江冷杉(Abies fargesii var.faxoniana)林为研究对象,按照美国史密森热带森林研究中心(CTFS)的建设标准,在四川省黑水县的四川雅克夏国家森林公园建立1块面积1 hm^(2)(100 m×100 m)的岷江冷杉原始林动态监测样地。对样地内胸径(DBH)≥1 cm的所有木本植物进行了调查和统计,分析其物种组成、区系成分、物种优势度、垂直和径级结构以及群落稳定性。【结果】样地内DBH≥1 cm的木本植物存活个体有3325株,隶属于7科9属11种。温带区系成分的科和属分别占总科数和总属数的57.143%和88.889%,温带区系特征明显。重要值>1%的木本植物有7种,占木本植物总物种数的63.636%,其重要值之和为99.570%。重要值排名前3的物种分别为岷江冷杉、黄毛杜鹃(Rhododendron rufum)和陕甘花楸(Sorbus koehneana),3者的重要值之和达到了87.635%。样地中植物群落垂直结构分层明显,岷江冷杉占据林冠层并在亚林层、下木层和灌木层均有分布。样地内全体木本植物个体平均胸径为7.877 cm,所有木本植物径级分布(DBH≥1 cm)呈明显的倒“J”形,小径级个体较多,群落更新良好。物种数和取样面积存在极显著的幂函数关系,当样方面积超过0.8 hm^(2)时,曲线斜率趋于稳定,物种数随取样面积的增加而缓慢增加。本样地基本符合Raunkiaer频度分级定律且E级频度远高于E级标准频度,群落稳定性较高。【结论】川西亚高山岷江冷杉原始林动态监测样地木本植物区系构成以温带成分为主,前3优势种分别为岷江冷杉、黄毛杜鹃和陕甘花楸,群落垂直结构分层明显,岷江冷杉占据林冠层并在亚林层、下木层和灌木层均有分布,群落更新良好且群落稳定性较高。
【Objective】To study the mechanisms of species coexistence and biodiversity maintenance in subalpine dark coniferous forests near the forest line on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,to provide scientific data and references for the conservation and management of subalpine forest ecosystems in western Sichuan under the background of climate change,and to provide scientific basis for the conservation and restoration of regional natural forests.【Method】The Abies fargesii var.faxoniana forest near the timberline on the eastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,a typical representative of subalpine dark coniferous forest,was selected as the study object.An A.fargesii var.faxoniana primary forest dynamics plot with an area of 1 hm^(2)(100 m×100 m)was established in the Sichuan Yakexia National Forest Park in Heishui County,Sichuan Province,according to the construction standards of the Center for Tropical Forest Science(CTFS).All woody plants with a diameter at breast height(DBH)≥1 cm were surveyed and counted in the plot,and their species composition,floristic elements,species dominance,vertical and diameter structure,and community stability were analyzed.【Result】The results showed that there were 3325 surviving individuals of woody plants with DBH≥1 cm,belonging to 11 species,9 genera,and 7 families.The floristic element of the temperate zone accounted for 57.143%of the total families and 88.889%of the total genera,indicating a distinct temperate zone characteristic.There were seven species of woody plants with importance values greater than 1%,accounting for 63.636%of the total species number of woody plants,and the sum of their importance values was 99.570%.The top three species in terms of importance value were A.fargesii var.faxoniana,Rhododendron rufum,and Sorbus koehneana,with a total importance value of 87.635%.The vertical structure of the plant community in the plot was obvious,with A.fargesii var.faxoniana occupying the canopy layer and distributing in the subcanopy layer,understory tree layer,and shrub layer.The average DBH of all woody plants in the plot was 7.877 cm,and the diameter distribution of all woody plants(DBH≥1 cm)showed an obvious inverted"J"shape,with more individuals in the smaller diameter classes,indicating good community regeneration.There was a highly significant power-law relationship between species richness and sample area,and the slope of the curve tended to stabilize when the sample area exceeded 0.8 hm^(2),with species richness increasing slowly with increasing sample area.The plot basically complied with the Raunkiaer frequency grading law,and the E-level frequency was much higher than the E-level standard frequency,indicating higher community stability.【Conclusion】The floristic types of woody plants in the A.fargesii var.faxoniana primary forest dynamics plot in the subalpine region of western Sichuan was mainly temperate zone elements,with the top three dominant species being A.fargesii var.faxoniana,R.rufum and S.koehneana.The vertical structure of the community was distinctly stratified,with A.fargesii var.faxoniana occupying the canopy layer and distributed in the subcanopy layer,understory tree layer,and shrub layer.The community was well-regenerated and had higher community stability.