文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：美国林木种质资源管理制度的经验与启示

英文题名：The Experience and Inspiration Based on United States Forest Germplasm Management System

作者：胡盼[1] 许单云[2] 马文君[2] 汪阳东[1]

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院,北京100091;[2]中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所,北京100091

年份：2025

卷号：8

期号：4

起止页码：84-92

中文期刊名：温带林业研究

外文期刊名：Journal of Temperate Forestry Research

基金：中国工程院战略研究与咨询项目“林草类种质资源安全战略研究”(2023-JB-02-04)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：林木种质资源;种质保存;管理制度;美国经验

外文关键词：forest germplasm resources;germplasm conservation;management system;U.S.experience

分类号：S722

摘要：林木种质资源作为森林遗传多样性的载体,其科学管理对维护生态系统稳定和提升林业生产力至关重要。美国在林木种质资源管理领域具备国际领先经验,通过完善的法律法规体系、多元化管理机构、需求导向的保护策略、高新技术应用、数据共享机制及国际认证贸易体系,实现了资源保护与利用的协同发展。本文系统梳理美国林木种质资源管理的制度框架和实践经验,结合中国林木种质资源管理面临的生物多样性衰退、保存体系碎片化、科研基础薄弱等挑战,从健全法律体系、加强基础设施建设、强化基础研究、完善大数据平台及深化国际合作等方面提出针对性建议,为我国林木种质资源管理体系优化与林业高质量发展提供借鉴。
As the carrier of forest genetic diversity,the scientific management of forest tree germplasm resources is of vital importance to the stability of the ecosystem and the improvement of forestry productivity.The United States has internationally leading experience in the management of forest tree germplasm resources.Through a complete legal and regulatory system,diversified management institutions,demand-oriented protection strategies,application of high and new technologies,data sharing mechanisms,and an international certification and trade system,it has achieved the coordinated development of resource protection and utilization.This paper systematically reviewed the institutional framework and practical experience of forest tree germplasm resource management in the United States.In combination with the challenges faced by forest tree germplasm resource management in China,such as the decline of biodiversity,the fragmentation of preservation systems,and the weak scientific research foundation,it puts forward targeted suggestions from aspects such as improving the legal system,strengthening infrastructure construction,intensifying basic research,perfecting the big data platform,and deepening international cooperation,thus to provide reference for the optimization of China's forest tree germplasm resource management system and the high-quality development of forestry.