文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：迁地麋鹿对野鸭湖植被的保护性生物控制

英文题名：Conversation grazing on Yeya Lake vegetation by ex-situ Père David's deer

作者：李俊芳[1] 钟震宇[1] 郭子良[2] 胡巧立[3] 段建彬[1] 程志斌[1] 陈颀[1] 郭青云[1] 白加德[1] 孟庆辉[1]

第一作者：李俊芳

机构：[1]北京市科学技术研究院北京麋鹿生态实验中心,北京100076;[2]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,北京100091;[3]北京野鸭湖湿地公园管理处,北京102101

年份：2023

卷号：43

期号：18

起止页码：7715-7730

中文期刊名：生态学报

外文期刊名：Acta Ecologica Sinica

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；CSCD:【CSCD2023_2024】；

基金：中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(京[2019]TG06);北京市自然科学基金(5212003);北京市财政项目(11000022T00000044075)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：保护性放牧;保护性生物控制;应用生态学;麋鹿迁地保护;野鸭湖湿地

外文关键词：conversation grazing;conservational biological control;applied ecology;Père David′s deer ex-situ conversation;Yeya Lake Wetland

分类号：S86

摘要：利用食草动物来管理自然保护地的植被平衡具有很大的应用潜力,一方面可提升动物的生态价值,另一方面通过控制取食规模,改变植被的生物多样性,达到对自然保护地生态平衡管理的目的。基于此于2021年6月5日引入4头麋鹿(2雄2雌),对野鸭湖自然保护区的"芦苇优势群落"采取保护性的生物控制研究,从项目的实施来看:1)单纯收割不能控制芦苇的生长扩张;对芦苇区系植物多样性的影响有限,未改变芦苇区系结构;2)麋鹿引入该区域后,通过取食、游泳、躺卧和踩踏等活动有效控制了芦苇和香蒲的过度扩张;1年后芦苇和香蒲面积下降了21.96%,为三棱水葱、水蓼等提供了生长空间,逐渐形成了仍以芦苇和香蒲为主且更多样的湿地环境;3)增加滩涂和开阔水面等景观,使多样性指数进一步提升,未改变周边区系湿地生态结构;4)麋鹿迁入可降低野鸭湖"脆弱物种"芦苇区系的丰富度,由引入前的(r=3.67)下降到引入后的(r=1.97);麋鹿迁入提升了野鸭湖植被区系物种多样性,芦苇区系的多样性指数由引进前的(r=0.90)上升到引进后的(r=2.11);麋鹿引入的第一年结果显示,整个引入区域的植被多样性指数由r=0.51上升到r=0.91。麋鹿迁入造成野鸭湖芦苇区系植被均匀度显著下降,由引入前的(r=0.68)下降到引入后的(r=0.36)。麋鹿迁入造成野鸭湖芦苇区系优势度下降:由引入前的(r=0.22)下降到引入后的(r=0.07)。麋鹿迁入造成野鸭湖地上植物生物量下降:单位面积的地上生物量由引入前的(2334.78±841.36)g/m^(2)下降到引入后的(732.16±245.10)g/m^(2);单位面积的地上可摄入干物质量由引入前的(201.87±73.11)g/m^(2)下降到引入后的(57.65±18.62)g/m^(2)。引入前共记录到野生植物64种27科56属,引入后该区域共记录到野生植物76种29科64属,相比引入前植物种类数量略微上升。引入区植物区系分化强度有所变化,未表现出差异。引入前植物多样性保护价值指数为8.25;引入后为9.06,有所提升。
The use of herbivore to manage the vegetation balance in nature reserves has great application potential.It can enhance the ecological value of herbivore,change the biodiversity of vegetation,and achieve the goal of ecological balance management in nature reserves by controlling the feeding scale.Based on the above,this paper introduced four milu(2male and 2 female)on June 5,2021,and adopted a protective ecological grazing method to eliminate the dominant species of reed in Yeya Lake Nature Reserve.According to the implementation of the project,results show that:1)only harvesting cannot control the growth and expansion of reed.Its effect on plant diversity of phragmites australis was limited,and the structure of phragmites australis was not changed.2)After the introduction of milu into this area,the overexpansion of cattail and reed was effectively controlled by feeding activities,swimming,lying down,and trampling;One year later,the area of cattails and bulrushes decreased by 21.96%,which provided space for the growth of scallion and hydrogonum,etc.,and gradually formed a more diverse wetland environment dominated by reed and cattails.3)The biodiversity index was further improved by increasing the landscape such as beach land and open water surface,without changing the ecological structure of surrounding floristic wetland.4)The fauna richness of"vulnerable species"reed in Yeya Lake Wetland decreased from before 3.67 to after 1.97.The migration of milu increased the diversity of vegetation fauna,and the diversity index of reed fauna increased from 0.90 before introduction to 2.11 after introduction.In the first year of Père David's deer's introduction,the vegetation diversity index increased from 0.51 to 0.91.The migration of milu caused a significant decrease in the vegetation uniformity and degree of dominance of reed fauna in Yeya Lake Wetland,from 0.68,0.22 before introduction to 0.36,0.07 after introduction.The aboveground biomass of milu decreased from(2334.78±841.36)g/m^(2)to(732.16±245.10)g/m^(2).The intake of dry matter per unit area decreased from(201.87±73.11)g/m^(2)to(57.65±18.62)g/m^(2)after introduction.64 species,27 families and 56 genera of wild plants were recorded before introduction.After introduction,total of 76 species,29 families and 64 genera of wild plants were recorded in this area,which slightly increased the number of plant species compared with that before introduction.The floristic differentiation intensity of the introduced area had no difference.The conservation value index of plant diversity was 8.25 before introduction.After the introduction of 9.06.In conclusion,one year after the introduction of milu.Under the premise of reasonable density control,the impacts were positive basically,which improved the biodiversity and wetland conservation value in the introduction area.Introduction of milu is a better scheme to enhance the diversity and improve the ecological environment of Yeya Lake Wetland.However,the monitoring period of this study is short,and the subsequent effects need to be further studied.