文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：药/食真菌连作障碍研究进展

英文题名：Research Progress in Obstacles to Continuous Cropping of Medicinal/Edible Fungi

作者：孙昆[1,2] 夏俊勇[3] 叶旭英[4] 方正[5] 李爱博[1] 周本智[1] 张金萍[1]

第一作者：孙昆

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,杭州311400;[2]南京林业大学,南京210037;[3]淳安县新安江生态开发集团有限公司,杭州311700;[4]淳安县林业局,杭州311700;[5]淳安县两山生态资源经营开发有限公司,杭州311700

年份：2025

卷号：38

期号：3

起止页码：49-57

中文期刊名：世界林业研究

外文期刊名：World Forestry Research

收录：;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2200903-2)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：药/食真菌;连作障碍;土壤微生物;化感作用;综合调控

外文关键词：medicinal/edible fungi;obstacle to continuous cropping;soil microorganisms;allelopathy;integrated regulation

分类号：S567.3

摘要：近年来,部分地区为提高土地利用率而大规模推进药/食真菌人工栽培,连作已成为栽培的主要方式;但药/食真菌连作障碍问题的出现严重阻碍产业可持续发展,连作障碍的发生机制及其调控策略是当前特色真菌资源培育亟需探究的核心问题。文中综述药/食真菌连作障碍的发生机制,聚焦于土壤理化性质恶化、微生态失衡、化感物质累积及其与微生物的互作,指出药/食真菌连作通过氮磷钾养分协同消耗、微量元素生物富集与失衡以及酸化-盐渍化耦合效应导致土壤有机质矿化受阻、盐基离子淋失、酶活性紊乱、养分有效性下降并产生代谢限制效应,微生态失衡表现为土壤微生物群落结构异化、功能性微生物减少和病原性微生物富集,酚酸、萜类等化感物质通过自毒效应、土壤酸化和氧化损伤以及与微生物的互作加剧致病微环境形成;从轮作与间作重构微生态网络、菌渣还田优化土壤结构及合成菌群拮抗病原实现精准防控等角度提出药/食真菌连作障碍的综合调控策略,并从药/食真菌连作障碍的分子机理、土壤微生物群落调控、新型栽培模式与技术创新等方面进行展望,以期为缓解连作障碍、促进药/食真菌产业可持续发展提供科学依据和技术支撑。
In recent years,artificial cultivation of medicinal/edible fungi has been promoted on a large scale in order to improve land use efficiency,and continuous cropping has become the main method.However,the obstacles to continuous cropping have emerged,which severely hinders the sustainable development of the medicinal/edible fungi industry.Therefore,identifying the occurrence mechanisms of the obstacles and developing the corresponding regulation strategies are thought as the core issues that urgently need to be addressed.This paper reviews the mechanisms underlying the obstacles to continuous cropping of medicinal/edible fungi,focusing on the deterioration of soil physicochemical properties,microecological imbalance,and interactions between allelochemicals and microorganisms.It points out that continuous cropping of medicinal/edible fungi leads to synergistic depletion of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium,imbalance of microbial elements,and coupled effects of acidification and salinization,resulting in inhibited organic matter mineralization,disrupted enzyme activities,and decreased nutrient availability in soils.Microecological imbalance is manifested in the alienation of soil microbial community structures,reduction of functional microorganisms,and enrichment of pathogenic microorganisms.Furthermore,the accumulation of allelochemicals such as phenolic acids and terpenoids exacerbates the formation of pathogenic microenvironments through autotoxicity,oxidative damage,and microbe-microbe interactions.Comprehensive regulation strategies are proposed from the perspectives of reconstructing microecological networks through crop rotation and intercropping,improving soil structure through the return of fungal residues to the field,and implementing precise disease control via synthetic microbial consortia to antagonize pathogens.Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the obstacles to continuous cropping of medicinal/edible fungi,regulating soil microbial communities,and developing novel cultivation models and technological innovations,thereby providing scientific evidence and technical support for the sustainable development of the medicinal/edible fungi industry.