文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：化学法改良速生木材研究进展

英文题名：Progress in Chemical Modification of Fast-Growing Wood

作者：仇洪波[1] 韩雁明[1] 范东斌[1] 李改云[1] 储富祥[1]

第一作者：仇洪波

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所

年份：2018

卷号：32

期号：15

起止页码：2701-2708

中文期刊名：材料导报

外文期刊名：Materials Review

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2017】；CSCD:【CSCD2017_2018】；

基金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0600203)

语种：中文

中文关键词：速生材;交联反应;浸渍;细胞壁改性

外文关键词：fast-growing wood;crosslinking reaction;impregnated;cell wall modification

分类号：S781.7

摘要：木材是工业和生活中必不可少的天然材料,我国一直是木材及其制品的生产和消费大国。近年来,由于天然林保护工程的实施,木材缺口进一步扩大,供需矛盾尖锐。为了增加木材资源的供应量,我国大力发展了人工速生林,其具有成材时间短,产量高等优点。但人工速生林具有材质疏松、密度小、强度低、不耐腐、尺寸稳定性差等缺点,导致其产品性能较差,附加值低。对速生木材进行改性处理,可以改善其力学性能、耐久性和尺寸稳定性,拓宽速生木材的适用范围,缓解供需矛盾。化学法改良木材不仅能够克服天然木材尤其是速生材原有的缺陷,改善木材的力学性能,而且可以赋予木材阻燃性、耐腐性和疏水性等特定的新功能,提高其商业价值,实现木材的高效利用。化学改性已被认为是一种防止环境对木材破坏和维持其稳定性的有效策略,近几十年来,有关化学法改良木材的研究一直备受关注。化学改性主要是利用木材的多孔结构,通过加压浸渍的方式将改性剂注入木材内,然后在加热或催化剂作用下发生化学反应而固化。众所周知,改性剂只有与木材细胞壁发生化学反应并留存在细胞壁内才会对木材性能有明显的改善效果。因此,近些年来研究者们主要从选择合适的偶联剂和处理工艺方面不断尝试细胞壁改性,从而实现木材性能的有效改善。在木材化学改性技术中只有乙酰化处理、树脂改性和糠醇化处理成功实现了大规模商业化生产,其中乙酰化和糠醇化处理符合细胞壁改性要求。为了提高改性剂与木材细胞壁之间的结合能力,通常会加入甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯、丙烯酸和马来酸酐等偶联剂。近两年的研究工作将两步处理法引入到细胞壁改性工艺中。目前,木材化学改性已经实现了细胞壁空间修饰的精确控制,同时在木材较低增重率的条件下实现尺寸稳定性的改善。文章综述了国内外关于木材化学改性的研究进展,重点介绍了热固性树脂改性、石蜡改性、有机单体改性、乙酰化改性、糠醇化改性、氮羟甲基酰胺类化合物改性等对速生木材化学改性的原理及力学性能的影响,并分析了木材化学改良技术目前存在的问题及其未来发展趋势。
As a natural material, wood plays an indispensable role in industrial production and daily life. China has always been a major producer and consumer of wood and its products. In recent years, the implementation of natural forest protection projects has further enlarged the insufficiency of wood supply, which intensifies the contradiction between the supply and demand of wood. In order to increase the supply of wood resources, China has made great efforts to develop artificial fast-growing forests with short production time and high yield. However, artificial fast-growing forest has many disadvantages such as loose material structure, low density, low strength, poor corrosion resistance and poor dimensional stability, which result in poor product performance and low added value. The modification of fast-growing wood can improve its physical and mechanical properties, broaden its scope of application, and relieve the contradiction between the supply and demand of wood.The modification of wood by chemical agents can not only overcome the original deficiencies of natural wood, especially the fast-growing wood, improve their physical and mechanical performance, but also endow natural wood with specific properties like aging resistance, fire resistance and hydrophobicity, thus increases the commercial value and realizes the efficient utilization of the wood. Chemical modification has been recognized as an efficient strategy for dimensionally stabilizing wood and protecting it from environmental damage. In recent decades, the researches on chemical modification of wood has attracted great attention worldwide. Chemical modification of wood is a technique that the wood can be impregnated with modified agent thanks to its porous structure and then chemical curing occurred at the heat treatment or catalyst. It is universally known that only chemical modifiers penetrate into the cell wall and are locked inside the cell can wood properties be improved significantly. Therefore, aiming at improving wood properties, intensive research endeavors have been paid to seek favorable coupling agent and optimize fabrication process.In the chemical modification of wood, only acetylation, resin modification and furfurylation treatment have been successfully realized large-scale commercial production. Acetylation and furfurylation treatment can meet the requirements of cell wall modification. Coupling agents such as glycidyl methacrylate, acrylic acid and maleic anhydride are usually added to improve the binding ability between modifier and wood cell wall. Recently, two-step treatment are introduced into the cell wall modification process. At present, the chemical modification of wood has realized the precise control of cell wall modification, and the dimensional stability improvement with low weight increment.In this paper, the development and the state of the wood chemical modification at home and abroad are reviewed.The typical modification techniques including thermoset resins, wax, organic monomer, acetylation, furfurylation and N-methylolcompounds modification are introduced. The principle and properties of chemical modification on the fast-growing wood are analyzed. Finally, the current existing problems in the chemical modification of wood and the future development trend are discussed.