文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：川西亚高山桦木林的林地水文效应

英文题名：Woodland hydrological effects of birch forests in sub-alpine region of western Sichuan,China

作者：张远东[1] 刘世荣[1] 马姜明[1] 史作民[1] 刘兴良[2]

第一作者：张远东

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所;[2]四川省林业科学研究院

年份：2005

卷号：25

期号：11

起止页码：2939-2946

中文期刊名：生态学报

外文期刊名：Acta Ecologica Sinica

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2004】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；

基金：国家基础研究重点规划资助项目(2002CB111504);国家自然科学基金杰出青年基金资助项目(30125036);国家"十五"科技攻关资助项目(2001BA510B06);国家林业局948资助项目(2004-4-66);第35批中国博士后科学基金资助项目(20040350374)~~

语种：中文

中文关键词：桦木林;苔藓;枯落物;土壤;最大持水量

外文关键词：birch forest; moss; litters; soil; maximal water holding capacity

分类号：S715.3

摘要：川西亚高山森林是我国西南亚高山林区水源涵养林的重要组成部分,原生的亚高山暗针叶林在经历大规模采伐利用后,天然更新的次生桦木林已成为该区域的主要森林类型之一.前人对原始暗针叶林水文学的研究已相当丰富,内容涉及冠层截留、地被物持水特征、森林蒸发散、土壤入渗、根土作用层等诸多方面;而对于采伐后人工林和天然次生林的研究较少,仅有的结论也以人工林为主.通过对林地苔藓、枯落物和土壤的野外调查与室内实验,分析了川西亚高山次生桦木林在不同林龄和海拔梯度间的林地水文效应,这对于丰富亚高山森林水文学的研究、确定长江上游水源涵养林的恢复与重建模式,都具有重要的意义.研究表明:桦木林苔藓蓄积量及最大持水量在不同林龄间差异显著,随林龄增大而显著增加;而在不同海拔间差异不显著.枯落物蓄积量及最大持水量在不同林龄及海拔间均差异显著,随林龄的增大而增加;在林龄相同的条件下,在中海拔(3200m、3400m)较高,在较高(3600m)、较低(3000m)海拔偏低.苔藓最大持水率平均为945%,在林龄和海拔间差异不显著;枯落物最大持水率平均573%,在林龄和海拔间均差异显著.各林龄和海拔梯度上的桦木林,随土壤深度的增加土壤容重均显著增大,最大持水量显著下降,但毛管持水量和最小持水量仅在部分类型下降显著.土壤0～40cm最大持水量在不同林龄间差异不显著,而在不同海拔间差异显著;这种差异主要表现在林龄10～25a的林分,随海拔升高土壤0～40cm最大持水量增大.在大规模采伐后,苔藓层的恢复是一个长期过程,可以作为次生林地水文效应向原始暗针叶林恢复程度的一个指标.
Rainfall interception of moss and litters, along with soil water-storage capacity, has important effect on hydrological process in sub-alpine forest in western Sichuan, China. The physical characteristics of water for moss, litters and soil have been studied extensively in primary coniferous forests; however, very few were reported for natural secondary birch forests, which become dominant after overexploitation of coniferous forests from 1950s to 1980s. We measured the cumulated mass （CM, t/hm^2） of moss and litters, along with their maximal water holding capacity （MWHC, t/hm^2） and maximal water holding rate （MWHR, %）, in birch stands with different stand ages at different elevations. The physical characteristics of water in the soil included soil bulk density, MWHC, capillary water holding capacity （CWHC） and least water holding capacity （LWHC）. They were also measured by soaking and discharging experiments with samples of soil from different soil depths in all studied stands. The result showed that CM and MWHC increased significantly with increasing stand age. For stands from different elevations, however, the CM and MWHC displayed differently for litters and insignificantly for moss. In the stands with same age, CM and MWHC of litters were higher at middle elevations （3200m ＆ 3400m） than that at a higher （3600m） and lower （3000） elevations. The mean MWHR of moss was 945% and there was no significant difference among stands with different ages and located at different elevations. The mean MWHR of litters was 573%, but significant difference were found among stands with different ages and located at different elevations. Soil bulk density increased and MWHC decreased significantly with the increasing soil depth in all stands, but capillary water holding capacity （CWHC） and least water holding capacity （LWHC） decreased significantly only in some of stands. The MWHC in 0-40cm of soil was not significantly different among stands with different ages, however, significant difference was found among the stands located at different elevations. The difference appeared mainly among the stands from 10 to 25 years of age - they increased with increasing elevation in the 0-40cm of soil. The moss needs a long-period to restore after large scale logging. During this process, the CM and MWHC can serve as an index to reflect the restoration degree towards primary coniferous forests.