文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：云南林下中药材产业成本效益分析——以石斛、草果、重楼、黄精为例

英文题名：Cost-benefit analysis of underforest Chinese medicinal materials industry in Yunnan——a case study of Dendrobium,Amomum tsaoko,Paris polyphylla,and Polygonatum sibiricum

作者：杨选琴[1] 刘兴[1] 窦亚权[2] 朱昌峰[1] 陈淑莹[1] 陈幸良[2] 李娅[1]

第一作者：杨选琴

机构：[1]西南林业大学经济管理学院,昆明650224;[2]中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所,北京100091

年份：2025

卷号：47

期号：7

起止页码：37-56

中文期刊名：林业经济

外文期刊名：Forestry Economics

基金：国家林业和草原局林业改革专项“探索建立林下经济经营权不动产登记制度政策咨询”(500102-1785)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：林下中药材;成本构成;经济效益;影响因素;云南省

外文关键词：understory Chinese herbal medicines;cost structure;economic benefits;influencing factors;Yunnan Province

分类号：F326.12;F302.6

摘要：林下中药材种植作为一种复合生态农业模式,兼具经济效益与生态效益双重优势,通过森林—药材协同共生能够实现资源高效利用。基于云南省保山市实地调研数据,文章采用灰色关联分析和多元线性回归模型,对石斛、草果、重楼、黄精四种典型林下中药材的成本构成、收益水平及其影响因素进行系统评估。结果表明:(1)不同中药材经济效益呈现梯度差异,单位净利润排序为:重楼(157.35万元/hm2)>黄精(36.90万元/hm2)>石斛(26.55万元/hm2)>草果(1.20万元/hm2)。(2)灰色关联度分析显示,中药材中各因子关联度均达中等以上水平,其中每公顷平均劳动力成本的综合评价最高,其次是种苗费用,中药材种植年限和农膜费用关联度普遍偏低;石斛和草果种植中年产量关联度最高,重楼和黄精种植中劳动力成本最高。(3)回归分析表明,中药材效益影响因素中,劳动力成本、年产量、化肥费用、农膜费用具有显著正向影响,种苗费用、灌溉费用、土地成本、能源成本呈显著负向影响,农药费用、销售单价和中药材种植年限影响不显著。文章的创新在于综合运用灰色关联分析与回归分析方法,揭示了不同林下药材效益影响因子的异质性。文章进一步提出应设立专项扶持资金、加强人才培养与林区基础设施建设,改善种植环境以降低投入,强化科技支撑提升效率,允许符合条件的经营主体合理使用林地等政策建议,以系统化推动云南林下中药材产业实现可持续与高质量发展。
As a composite eco-agricultural model,the cultivation of underforest Chinese medicinal materials has dual advantages of economic and ecological benefits,and can achieve the efficient resource utilization through the synergistic symbiosis of forest and medicinal materials.Based on field survey data in Baoshan,Yunnan,this paper employed grey correlation analysis and multiple linear regression models to systematically evaluate the cost structure,profit level and influencing factors of four typical understory Chinese medicinal materials:Dendrobium,Tsao-ko,Paris Root,and Solomon's Seal.The results showed that:(1)Economic benefits varied significantly among Chinese medicinal materials,with Paris Root yielding the highest net profit per unit and Tsao-ko the lowest,ranked as Paris Root(1573500 yuan/hm2)>Solomon's Seal(369000 yuan/hm2)>Dendrobium(265500 yuan/hm2)>Tsao-ko(1200 yuan/hm2).(2)Grey correlation analysis revealed that all factors exhibited moderate or higher correlation levels overall.Labor cost per hectare scored the highest comprehensive evaluation,followed by seedling cost,while cultivation duration and agricultural film costs showed generally lower correlation degrees.Annual yield correlated most strongly with Dendrobium and Tsao-ko cultivation,whereas labor costs dominated in Paris Root and Solomon's Seal.(3)Regression analysis indicated that among the factors affecting the benefits of Chinese medicinal materials,labor cost,annual yield,fertilizer expense and agricultural film cost had a significant positive impact,while seedling cost,irrigation expense,land cost,and energy cost exerted a significant negative impact.Pesticide cost,sales price,and cultivation duration showed insignificant impacts.The core innovation of this study lay in the integrated application of grey correlation analysis and regression analysis,which revealed the heterogeneity of factors influencing the economic benefits of different understory medicinal plants.Based on these findings,this paper further proposed policy recommendations including establishing special support funds,strengthening talent cultivation and forest infrastructure construction,improving the cultivation environment to reduce inputs,enhancing scientific and technological support to boost efficiency,and permitting eligible business entities to reasonably utilize forest land.These measures aim to systematically promote the sustainable and high-quality development of the understory Chinese herbal medicine industry in Yunnan.