文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：森林生物多样性保护原理概述

英文题名：PRINCIPLES OF FOREST BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

作者：臧润国[1] 刘世荣[1] 蒋有绪[1]

第一作者：臧润国

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所

年份：1999

卷号：35

期号：4

起止页码：71-79

中文期刊名：林业科学

外文期刊名：SCIENTIA SILVAE SINICAE

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心1996】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；

基金：林业部重点项目;国家林业局天然林保护科技支撑预研究资助

语种：中文

中文关键词：生物多样性保护;物种多样性;森林

外文关键词：Biodiversity conservation, Species diversity, Genetic diversity, Habitat fragmentation

分类号：S718

摘要：热点地区的分析，为我们确定生物多样性保护的策略和优先等级提供了依据；由于人类的剧烈干扰，现在地球上有许多物种和生态系统都处于濒危的境地，热带雨林的生物多样性丧失最为严重；热点地区虽然在地球上所占的面积很小，但却拥有大量的物种，这些地区的生物多样性丧失应特别引起我们注意；每个物种灭绝的难易程度不同，稀有种和长寿命种特别易于灭绝，而关键种一旦受到威胁，依赖于其生存的许多物种也会有灭绝的危险。遗传多样性的丧失也是生物多样性丧失的重要方面，种群内遗传多样性的丧失主要来源于奠基者效应、统计瓶颈效应、遗传漂变和近亲交配４种因素。物种的概念影响到对物种的保护，物种保护应包括物种内遗传多样性的保护；种群的动态调节机制和源—汇种群动态对于生物多样性保护具有重要的意义。种群生存力分析是了解物种濒危机制的崭新手段。群落中的种间关系和自然干扰体系是生物多样性保护中应考虑的重要方面。人为的生境破碎与自然景观的异质性不同，生境破碎会造成边缘效应和拥挤效应等一系列的生物学后果。
Hot spots analyses afford theoretical basis for us to make strategies and determine different classes of biodiversity conservation for different places. Mainly because of heavy human perturbations, many species and ecosystems in the world are in endangered plight. The loss of biodiversity in tropical rain forests are most serious. Although hot spots occupy very small part of the earth surface, they own a large percentage of the global species pool. Special attention should be paid to biodiversity loss of these regions. The extinction vulnerability of different species is different.Rare species and longlived species are especially vulnerable to extinction. As for keystone species, once endangered, many species which depend on them will likely go to extinction. The loss of genetic diversity is an important aspect of biodiversity loss. The loss of genetic diversity in population are mainly due to founder effect, demographic bottleneck, genetic drift and inbreeding. Species conservation should include conservation for genetic diversity in species. Mechnisms of population dynamics and source\|sink population dynamics have important implications for biodiversity conservation. Population viability analysis is a new method to understand mechanisms of species endangering. Interrelationships of species in communities and natural disturbance regimes are important aspects to be considered in the conservation of biodiversity. Human caused habitat fragmentation is different from the heterogeneity of natural landscapes. Habitat fragmentation may cause a series of biological effects such as edge effect and crowding effect, etc.