文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：连续6年施磷肥对土壤磷素积累、形态转化及有效性的影响

英文题名：P fertilization effects on the accumulation,transformation and availability of soil phosphorus

作者：李新乐[1,2] 侯向阳[1] 穆怀彬[1] 李西良[1] 郭丰辉[1]

第一作者：李新乐

机构：[1]中国农业科学院草原研究所;[2]中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心

年份：2015

卷号：24

期号：8

起止页码：218-224

中文期刊名：草业学报

外文期刊名：Acta Prataculturae Sinica

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；CSCD:【CSCD2015_2016】；

基金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD12B02)资助

语种：中文

中文关键词：褐潮土;磷肥;磷素形态;有效性

外文关键词：Fluvo-aquic soil;;phosphorus fertilizer;;phosphorus forms;;availability

分类号：S153.61

摘要：长期施磷肥对土壤磷素积累、形态转化以及有效性的影响是国内外土壤化学研究的热点之一。本研究利用从2008年开始在京南地区进行的紫花苜蓿连续6年施用磷肥定位试验，研究不同施肥处理对紫花苜蓿田土壤磷素积累、形态转化及其有效性的影响。试验地土壤为褐潮土，试验开始前耕层（0～20 cm）土壤有机质为11．2 g／kg，全磷为0．77 g／kg，速效磷为5．66 mg／kg，pH 为8．3。结果表明，连续不施磷肥土壤的全磷、速效磷、无机磷各组分含量较连续施磷肥处理均明显降低，说明连续施用磷肥可显著扩大土壤中的有效磷库；不施磷肥处理耕层（0～20 cm）土壤全磷下降了6．94％，速效磷下降了16．3％，施用磷肥处理耕层土壤全磷增加1．3％～13％，速效磷增加164．7％～335．9％；不同的施磷肥处理对 Ca2－P 含量的影响最大，不施磷肥的土壤 Ca2-P 几乎耗竭，而施磷处理的 Ca2-P 增加幅度可达19～36倍；此外，施用磷肥也使土壤 Ca8-P、Ca10-P、Al-P、Fe-P、O-P 有不同程度的提高。通过2013年的停施磷肥试验可知继续施磷肥的处理（F2）与停施磷肥的处理（F2′）在土壤磷素水平、苜蓿产量及养分含量上均没有显著差异，表明磷肥存在明显的后效作用，之前积累在土壤中的磷素具有生物有效性。
The effects of phosphorus (P)fertilization on the accumulation,transformation and availability of P in soil chemistry have drawn much attention in recent years.This paper reports on a six-year fertilization ex-periment (beginning in 2008)with alfalfa grown in the south region of Beijing.The soil type in the study area is fluvo-aquic.Before the experiment was performed,soil organic matter was 11.2 g/kg,total P was 0.77 g/kg,available P was 5.66 mg/kg and soil pH was 8.3 in the topsoil (0-20 cm).The results showed that the contents of total P,available P and inorganic P in various forms decreased markedly without P fertilization and increased significantly when P fertilizer was applied.Total P and available P in soils without fertilization de-creased by 6.94% and 16.3% respectively,while in soil treated with six years fertilization they increased by 1.3%-13.0% and 164.7%-335.9% respectively.The effects of different P fertilizer treatments on Ca2-P content were significant.Ca2-P content was almost depleted in the non-fertilization treatment,while levels in the fertilization treatment increased 19-36 times.P fertilization also increased the soil content of Ca8-P,Ca10-P,Al-P,Fe-P,O-P.When fertilization was stopped in 2013 it was found that no significant differences existed in soil P level,alfalfa yield and nutrient content between the treatments of continued fertilization (F2 )and ceased fertilization (F2′).The results indicate that long term P fertilization has significant and continuous effects.The accumulation of P in soil contents should also enhance future biological performance.