文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：印度传统辣木引种栽培研究

英文题名：Studies on Introduction and Cultivation of Moringa oliferia

作者：彭兴民[1] 郑益兴[1] 段琼芬[1] 温琼雯[2] 张燕平[1]

第一作者：彭兴民

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所,昆明650224;[2]云南省元江县林业局,云南元江653300

年份：2008

卷号：16

期号：6

起止页码：579-585

中文期刊名：热带亚热带植物学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Tropical and Subtropical Botany

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2004】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；

基金：科技部林业公益性行业专项(200704007);国家科技支撑项目(2006BAD18B03);中国林科院中央级公益性科研院所的基本科研业务费专项基金资助

语种：中文

中文关键词：辣木;引种;栽培技术;干热河谷

外文关键词：Moringa oleifera; Introduction; Cultivation techniques; Dry-hot valley

分类号：S790.4

摘要：从缅甸引进印度传统辣木(Moringa oleifera Lam.)到我国云南干热河谷地区种植,采用春季育播种苗造林,或者春季直播造林,种植地分有灌溉条件的农耕地以及没有灌溉条件的退耕地和荒山坡地三类。3 a引种试验结果表明,在农耕地上以二种造林方式栽植的印度传统辣木在造林当年即可开花结果;而在荒山坡地上造林当年不结果或偶见结果,发生枯梢或严重枯梢;在退耕地上造林当年能结果,但产量较农耕地低。印度传统辣木结果母枝和结果枝的发育规律不同于大多数树种,不同龄级的结果母枝同时着生结果枝,并且同一结果母枝可多次着生结果枝。果实伸长生长与粗生长的高峰期不同步,伸长生长高峰期在前,粗生长高峰期在后。果实作鲜食蔬菜,应在纤维化前采收,采收期一般在伸长生长停止、粗生长高峰期前。初步认为印度传统辣木为中等抗旱树种,适生于我国热带、亚热带的半干旱、干旱地区,推广种植时应注意造林地的选择。
Moringa oleifera introduced from Myanmar was gown in some dry-hot valley areas of Yunnan Province. Propagation methods of direct sowing and sapling transplanting in the spring were applied, and three types of planting sites were experimented with M. oleifera for three years, i.e., irrigated farmland, farmland without irrigation and the waste sloping land in the mountainous area. The following results were concluded from the three year introduction experiment. （1） The M. oleiferaplants gown on the farmland by the both two propagation methods could normally bloom and bear fruits in the first year. The plants grown on the waste sloping land could not bear fruits or bear little in the first year, and the young shoots of some plants severely dried out because of the drought. While the trees planted on the former farmland could bear some fruits, but the yield was lower than that on the farmland. （2） The development rhythm of M. oleifera bearing basal shoot and fruit spurs was different from most of tree species. The fruit spurs of different ages could simultaneously develop on the same fruit bearing basal shoots, and the same fruit bearing basal shoot could produce fruit spurs continuously for many times. （3） The peak period of fruit elongating gowth was earlier than that of girth growth. （4） Fruits consumed as fresh vegetable should be harvested before fibrosis, which took place from the elongating gowth of the fruits ended to the girth gowth stage started. （5） It was demonstrated by the preliminary results of the experiment that M. oleifera was a moderate drought resistant species, and it might fit to be planted in arid or semiarid areas in tropical or sub-tropical climate zones in China. It was recommended that great attention should be paid to planting site selection before the cukivation area is extended.