文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：北京市丰台区4个典型湿地公园鸟类多样性分析

英文题名：Analysis of Bird Diversity in Four Typical Wetland Parks of Fengtai District,Beijing

作者：陶然[1] 张磊[2,3] 郭浩帆[2,3] 路红艳[1] 雷茵茹[2,3] 翟夏杰[2,3] 赵欣胜[2,3] 李伟[2,3] 刘刚[2,3]

第一作者：陶然

机构：[1]北京市丰台区园林绿化局林业工作站,北京100055;[2]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,北京100091;[3]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,湿地生态功能与恢复北京市重点实验室,北京100091

年份：2024

卷号：4

期号：4

起止页码：20-26

中文期刊名：陆地生态系统与保护学报

外文期刊名：Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基金：北京市丰台区2023年湿地生态系统监测与保护项目(11010623T000002023055);北京市自然科学基金面上项目(5232027)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：城市湿地;公园;鸟类丰富度;鸟类多样性;时空动态

外文关键词：urban wetland;park;bird richness;bird diversity;spatial and temporal dynamics

分类号：Q958

摘要：【目的】掌握北京市丰台区4个典型湿地公园鸟类多样性时空动态变化。【方法】2023年3—11月采用样线调查法对莲花池公园、永定河绿堤公园、南苑森林湿地公园和北宫国家森林公园的鸟类组成及多样性进行调查。【结果】共记录到鸟类16目45科142种,占北京市519种鸟类的27.36%,其中国家一级和国家二级重点保护野生动物分别为2种和17种,北京市重点保护野生动物44种。根据生态类型划分,鸣禽49.30%、游禽16.90%、涉禽15.49%、猛禽7.04%、攀禽7.04%和陆禽4.23%。旅鸟占鸟类总数48.59%,留鸟占24.65%,夏候鸟占18.31%,居留型不唯一型占8.45%。鸟类物种数春季最多,秋季次之,夏季最少。春季永定河绿堤公园物鸟类种数最多,南苑森林湿地公园最少;夏季永定河绿堤公园最多,北宫国家森林公园最少;秋季南苑森林湿地公园最多,莲花池公园最少。鸟类个体总数秋季最多,春季次之,夏季最少。丰台区4个典型湿地公园的鸟类Chao1指数在春季显著高于秋季,但在Shannon指数、Simpson指数和丰富度指数上不存在显著性差异。春季鸟类Shannon指数在北宫国家森林公园高于其他3个地点,夏季和秋季以永定河绿堤公园最高。【结论】丰台区4个湿地公园的鸟类多样性较丰富,但不同公园的鸟类多样性存在时空差异,靠近永定河的绿堤公园鸟类多样性相对较高,春秋季节相对于夏季更高,表明城市公园在为鸟类提供生境方面发挥了重要作用。
【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of bird diversity in four typical urban wetland parks in Fengtai District,Beijing.【Method】Bird surveys were conducted using line transect sampling method from March to November 2023.The composition and diversity of birds were calculated and compared among Lianhuachi Park,Lvdi Park,Nanyuan Forest Wetland Park and Beigong Forest Park.【Result】A total of 16 orders,45 families and 142 bird species were observed,accounting for 27.36%of the 519 bird species in Beijing.Among these,2 species are listed as first class national protected species and 17 species as second class national protected species.In terms of Beijing’s key protected wildlife,44 species were recorded.According to ecotypes,songbirds,aquatic birds,wading birds,raptors,arboreal birds and ground birds comprised 49.30%,16.90%,15.49%,7.04%,7.04%and 4.23%,respectively.Passage migrants,residents,summer visitors and multiple types accounted for 48.59%,24.65%,18.31%,8.45%,respectively.The highest number of species occurred in spring,followed by autumn,with the lowest in summer.In spring,Lvdi had the highest species count,while Nanyuan had the lowest;in summer,Lvdi again led,and Beigong recorded the fewest;autumn saw the most species in Nanyuan and the least in Lianhuachi.The highest number of bird individuals was in autumn,followed by spring,with summer having the lowest counts.The Chao1 index was significantly higher in spring than that in autumn,while the Shannon index,Simpson index and richness index showed no significant seasonal differences.The Shannon index was highest in Beigong during spring,and in Lvdi during summer and autumn.【Conclusion】Bird diversity in the four wetland parks of Fengtai District is relatively abundant,displaying spatial and temporal patterns.Lvdi Park,located near the Yongding River,demonstrates greater diversity,particularly in spring and autumn,highlighting the important role of urban wetland parks in providing habitats for birds.