文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：石漠化区两种下垫面小气候日动态效应

英文题名：Daily dynamics effects of microclimate of two underlying surfaces in rocky desertification areas

作者：王佳[1,2] 李生[1,2] 郑艳红[1] 潘雯[1] 孙彦[1]

第一作者：王佳

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江杭州311400;[2]贵州普定石漠化生态系统国家级定位观测研究站,贵州普定562100

年份：2024

卷号：43

期号：4

起止页码：810-821

中文期刊名：中国岩溶

外文期刊名：Carsologica Sinica

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；CSCD:【CSCD_E2023_2024】；

基金：国家自然科学基金青年项目(32101597);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目(CAFYBB2020SY017)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：石漠化;下垫面;小气候;温湿度;植被恢复

外文关键词：wavelet analysis;cross correlation analysis;groundwater level dynamics;karst basin

分类号：X171;P463.2

摘要：为探究石漠化区异质化下垫面小气候效应,以安顺市普定县石灰岩分布区两种典型下垫面(土面、裸地)为研究对象,通过模拟试验开展近地表温、湿度日动态变化长期定量对比分析。结果表明:在时空尺度上,土面、裸地下垫面小气候日动态分异显著,表现为夏季太阳辐射最强时,土面各空间高度气温显著高于裸地(P<0.05),相对湿度显著低于裸地(P<0.05),引发增温、减湿效应;冬季10:00-16:00时,土面下层气温显著低于裸地(P<0.05),相对湿度显著高于裸地(P<0.05),产生降温、增湿效应。受季节性影响,土面、裸地小气候日变化程度差异显著,表现为夏季土面上层气温日较差显著高于裸地(P<0.05),加剧气温日变化;冬季土面下层温度、湿度日较差显著低于裸地(P<0.05),缓冲小气候日变化。相较于裸地,土面小气候条件更为严酷、多变。结合异质化下垫面小气候效应差异,改善局部小气候条件,对缓冲石漠化区小气候变化及加快植被生态恢复进程具有积极作用。
As an ecologically vulnerable area with the strongest karst development in the world,the karst area in Southwest China exceeds 540,000 km2.Long-term human activities and frequent extreme climate have accelerated soil erosion,causing large areas of bedrock to be exposed on the surface;consequently,a rocky desert landscape with severely degraded vegetation came into being.Under the influence of the hot and humid monsoon climate,carbonate rocks underwent dissolution,which formed various heterogeneous underlying surfaces such as earth flatland and stone surface.The local microclimate differences caused by different underlying surfaces play an important role in regional vegetation restoration and ecosystem reconstruction.Current research on environmental factors in rocky desertification areas mainly focuses on water,soil and other aspects,while there is still a lack of research on microclimate of underlying surfaces.Taking two typical underlying surfaces(earth flatland and bare land)as the research objects,this study aims to explore the microclimate effects of heterogeneous underlying surfaces in rocky desertification areas.A long-term quantitative comparison in daily dynamics of near-surface temperature and humidity of these two underlying surfaces were conducted through simulation experiments.In rocky desertification areas,earth flatland is composed of polygonal rock masses exposed on the surface and patches of soil distributed inside,while bare land is normal land with no exposed rocks and no vegetation coverage.This study area is located in Puding county,Anshun City,Guizhou Province,where karst is strongly developed.The karst landform accounts for 84.27%of the county area with 60.55%of rocky desertification.The county has humid monsoon climate on the north subtropical plateau,with an annual average temperature of 15.1°C and an annual rainfall of 1,378.2 mm.The annual total solar radiation fluctuates from 85.71 to 458.81 MJ·m?2.Preliminary field surveys found that there were large parameter variations in rock mass shape and size,and orientation of earth flatland.In order to improve the reliability and accuracy of the observation results,this study adopted in-situ limestone and concrete pouring technology to conduct simulation construction based on the average parameters of 30 earth flatlands that have been investigated.There were three replicates for each of the two underlying surfaces.To carry out long-term monitoring of temperature and relative humidity,high-resolution iButton DS1923 temperature and humidity recorders were installed at different heights(2 cm,40 cm and 80 cm)above the surface of the two underlying surfaces.All data analyses were performed in the R version 4.2.3.The functions of tapply and bartlett.test/var.test were used to test data normality and homogeneity of variances.If the data passed the test,one-way ANOVA would be used to conduct multiple comparisons of air temperature and humidity at different spatial heights.An independent sample t-test was used to compare the air temperature and humidity at the same spatial height on earth groundwater level variation and precipitation. That is, the longer a groundwater runoff distance is, the more hysteretic the response of groundwater level to precipitation becomes. The groundwater level variation in the runoff-discharge area lags behind precipitation by 2.66 -7.7 days, by 1.25 -8.04 days in the discharge area. Because the regional hydrogeological conditions of the two groundwater systems in the study area are different, the responses of the two groundwater systems in the north and south to precipitation are also different. In the southern groundwater system, the time lag of the response of groundwater level variations to precipitation gradually increases from the runoff-discharge area to the discharge area. In the northern groundwater system, due to the effect of the long-distance precipitation recharge from upstream, the groundwater level of runoff-discharge area changes more slowly than that of discharge area with multiple sources of recharge.