文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：林火爆燃机理研究进展

英文题名：Review on Mechanisms of Eruptive Forest fire

作者：李笑笑[1] 赵凤君[1] 王明玉[1] 司莉青[1] 李伟克[1]

第一作者：李笑笑

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所,国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091

年份：2022

卷号：2

期号：2

起止页码：55-61

中文期刊名：陆地生态系统与保护学报

外文期刊名：Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划项目课题(2020YFC1511601);国家自然科学基金(32071778)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：林火;爆燃;极端火行为;火环境;森林可燃物

外文关键词：forest fire;eruptive fire;extreme fire behavior;fire environment;forest fuel

分类号：S762

摘要：林火爆燃是短时间内突然发生、强度急剧增加的极端林火行为现象。林火爆燃一旦发生,人员很难逃离,近年来林火爆燃已造成多起重大人员伤亡事故。阐释林火爆燃发生的机理,建立林火爆燃发生的预警技术,对于保障扑火人员安全具有非常重要的科学意义和实用价值。由于林火爆燃自身的特点,如偶发、持续时间短、毁灭性的火强度等,导致其发生机理研究很难开展。本文综述了当前国内外林火爆燃机理的主要研究进展,特别是可燃物、地形和气象条件这3个最重要火环境因子对爆燃火发生的影响,指出了爆燃火数值模拟的研究现状与不足。文献分析结果表明,火环境中各因子对林火爆燃发生的影响非常复杂,现有研究结论存在很多互相矛盾的地方,当前尚无被广泛认可的爆燃火发生理论。基于对各环境因子的深入思考,提出了爆燃火的理论假设:首先是高油脂可燃物在火场受热条件下释放易燃的挥发性气体,然后这些气体在特定地形和气象条件下累积,直至达到可发生爆炸性燃烧的气体浓度,在气象条件突变下这些累积的高浓度易燃气体被小范围引爆,随之峡谷地形加速其蔓延速度和林火强度,最终引发大面积的林火爆燃现象。认为当前爆燃火研究亟待解决的关键科学问题包括:1)林火爆燃所需气体的来源;2)火环境因子的耦合作用对林火爆燃发生的影响;3)林火爆燃的数值模拟;4)林火爆燃的预警技术。
The phenomenon called“eruptive fire”or“blowup”is one of the extreme forest fires.It occurs in a short time,bursts in a high intensity.Firefighters are hard to escape from it.In recent years,eruptive fires have caused a number of casualties.It is urgent to explain the mechanism and establish early warning technologies for it.However,due to the characteristics,such as occasional,short duration and destructive fire intensity,it is difficult to carry out the research on its mechanism.This study reviewed recent achievements,especially researches closely related to the influence of the three most important fire environmental factors(including forest fuels,terrain and meteorological conditions)on the occurrence of eruptive fire.The shortcomings of numerical simulation of eruptive fire are also pointed out.We found that the effects of various factors in the fire environment are very complex,and there are many contradictions in the existing results.At present,there is no widely recognized theory for eruptive fire occurrence.Based on the in-depth consideration of various factors,the authors put forward the hypothesis:firstly,forest fuels with high oil content release volatile oily gases when heated in a fire site;if these gases are not burned immediately,they would accumulate under specific topographic and meteorological conditions until they would reach the gas concentration that could cause explosive combustion.Under a sudden change of meteorological conditions,these accumulated high concentration flammable gases are detonated in a small range.At that time,the canyon terrain would accelerate their propagation speed and fire intensity,eventually lead to a large area of eruptive fire.The present paper holds that the key scientific problems to be solved urgently:1)the source of flammable gas required for eruptive fire;2)the coupling effects of fire environmental factors;3)numerical simulation;4)early warning technologies.