文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：林窗对马尾松和杉木林乔木树种生长及组成多样性的影响

英文题名：Effects of forest gaps on the growth and species composition diversity of trees in forests of Pinus Massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata

作者：朱念福[1] 吴绍发[2] 沈庆华[3] 胡兆贵[2] 马小民[1] 叶崇宇[1] 吴统贵[1]

第一作者：朱念福

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所-华东沿海防护林生态系统定位观测研究站,杭州311400;[2]庆元林场,庆元323800;[3]钱江源-百山祖国家公园龙泉保护中心,龙泉323700

年份：2025

卷号：45

期号：15

起止页码：7482-7491

中文期刊名：生态学报

外文期刊名：Acta Ecologica Sinica

收录：;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：浙江省"高层次人才特殊支持计划"科技创新领军人才项目(2023R5251);浙江省"领雁"计划重大技术攻关项目(2022C02053);百山祖国家公园科研项目(2021KFLY12)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：林窗;马尾松;杉木;生长;组成多样性

外文关键词：forest gap;Pinus Massonian;Cunninghamia lanceolata;growth;species composition diversity

分类号：S718.5

摘要：开辟林窗是促进人工林更新、近自然演替和增加树种组成多样性的重要经营方式之一。林分类型、林窗大小及其与林窗内树种更新生长的适配关系一直是林窗研究的焦点,然而在不同区域、不同森林类型研究结果差异较大,限制了林窗改造模式的应用。基于浙江丽水白云山林场马尾松和杉木人工林林窗,分析了林窗大小(中林窗:500 m^(2)和250 m^(2),小林窗:50 m^(2))和林分类型对人工引入10个树种生长和自然更新乔木树种组成多样性的影响差异。结果表明:(1)林窗大小和林分类型及其交互作用对人工引入树种生长(地径或树高)的影响存在显著差异。在中林窗内,枫香、南方红豆杉、闽楠、木荷、朴树、无患子和细柄蕈树生长状况好于小林窗。枫香和无患子在马尾松林窗长势较好,而南方红豆杉、红豆树、闽楠、木荷、细柄蕈树和浙江楠在杉木林窗长势较好。(2)林窗大小和林分类型及其交互作用显著影响自然更新乔木树种组成多样性。相较于小林窗,中林窗内自然更新乔木种类增加,Simpson多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数提高,Pielou均匀度指数降低。马尾松林窗的Simpson多样性指数高于杉木林窗,而Margalef丰富度指数则低于杉木林窗。综合考虑引入树种的生长状况和自然更新乔木树种组成多样性差异,建议在南方低山丘陵区,马尾松和杉木林开辟中等面积(250-500 m^(2))林窗,并在马尾松林窗中引入喜光、耐土壤瘠薄干旱树种,如枫香和无患子,在杉木林窗中引入喜光或耐阴、喜湿润肥沃土壤树种,如南方红豆杉、红豆树、木荷和细柄蕈树等,将有效促进树木生长,提高树种组成多样性和丰富度。
Creating forest gaps is one of the important management practices used to promote species regeneration,facilitate close-to-natural succession,and increase species composition diversity.The stand type,gap size,and adaptive relationships with species are critical for tree growth.However,significant differences in results across different regions and stand types have limited the application of gap-based restoration models.This study,based on forest gaps in Pinus Massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata plantations in Baiyun Mountain,Lishui,Zhejiang,analyzed the effects of different gap sizes(medium gaps:500 and 250 m^(2),small gaps:50 m^(2))and stand type on the growth of ten planted tree species,as well as on the species composition diversity of naturally regenerating tree species.The results showed that:(1)there were significant differences in the effects of gap size,stand type,and their interactions on the growth(base diameter or height)of the ten planted tree species.Compared to small-size gaps,the growth of species such as Liquidambar formosana,Taxus chinensis,Phoebe bournei,Schima superba,Sapium sebiferum,Sapindus mukorossi,and Altingia gracilipes improved in medial-size gaps.In Pinus massoniana forest gaps,Liquidambar formosana and Sapium discolor showed better growth compared to Cunninghamia lanceolata forest gaps.Meanwhile,Taxus chinensis,Ormosia hosiei,Phoebe bournei,Schima superba,Altingia gracilipes,and Phoebe chekiangensis grew better in Cunninghamia lanceolata gaps.(2)Gap size,stand type,and their interactions significantly affected the species composition diversity of naturally regenerated tree species.Compared to small-size gaps,the number of species also increased in medial-size gaps,while the Pielou evenness index decreased.The Simpson diversity index was higher in Pinus massoniana gaps than in Cunninghamia lanceolata gaps,while the Margalef richness index was lower in Pinus massoniana gaps.Considering both the growth conditions of planted tree species and the species composition diversity of naturally regenerated trees,it is recommended to create medium-size(250-500 m^(2))gaps in Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamid lanceolata forests.Additionally,light-loving,drought-and soil-poor-tolerant species,such as Liquidambar formosana and Sapindus mukorossi,should be planted in Pinus massoniana gaps,while light-loving or shade-tolerant,moisture-and fertile soil-loving species such as Taxus chinensis,Ormosia hosiei,Schima superba,Celtis sinensis,Altingia gracilipes,should be planted in Cunninghamid lanceolata gaps.This approach will effectively promote tree growth and enhance species composition diversity and richness in forest gaps.