文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：米拉山高寒草甸阴阳坡土壤物理性质垂直地带性

英文题名：Research on Vertical Zonation of Soil Physical Properties in Alpine Meadow Area on Shady and Sunny Slopes of Mila Mountain

作者：余波[1] 尹惠妍[1] 王冰[2] 陈小强[1,3] 张志伟[1] 韩嘉华[1] 陈巧[4]

第一作者：余波

机构：[1]西藏农牧学院资源与环境学院,西藏林芝860000;[2]水发规划设计有限公司,山东济南250000;[3]东北林业大学化学化工与资源利用学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040;[4]中国林业科学研究院资源信息研究所,北京100091

年份：2023

卷号：7

期号：4

起止页码：418-428

中文期刊名：高原农业

外文期刊名：Journal of Plateau Agriculture

基金：西藏农牧学院农业资源与环境学科建设(藏财预指2020-001号);科技基础资源调查专项(2019FY101601-2);西藏现代林业技术支撑体系研究;巨柏资源调查(2021JYZJ02)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：高寒草甸;海拔梯度;土壤物理性质;米拉山

外文关键词：alpine meadow;altitude gradient;physical properties of soil;Mila mountain

分类号：S152.7

摘要：开展米拉山高寒草甸土壤物理性质变化情况研究,为青藏高原水土保持工作提供数据支持,为保护青藏高原水土资源与生态环境提供可靠依据。本研究于米拉山山口阴坡阳坡两侧,海拔4 500~5 100 m的区域,海拔间隔为100 m,各海拔梯度中阳坡、阴坡位置设置大小为20 m×20 m样地1块,在每个样地中采用五点取样法取土壤样品,每个样方中按照0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~30 cm三个土层进行原状土及铝盒土取样,通过实验对所选取样地内不同深度土壤物理性质进行分析。结果表明:(1)除阴坡在海拔高度4 600 m、4 900 m,阳坡在海拔4 700 m、5 000 m外,土壤容重随土层深度增加而增大;两个坡向的总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度总体随土层深度增加而减小;非毛管孔隙度随土层变化无明显规律;土壤含水量、饱和含水量、毛管持水率均随土层深度增加而减小。(2)不同海拔梯度,阴坡和阳坡的土壤容重、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和土壤通气性变化范围分别为:0.47~1.14g/cm^(3)、0.58~1.04g/cm^(3);59.98%~86.14%、58.45%~84.40%;57.71%~82.25%、55.58%~82.54%;1.47%~4.62%、0.85%~4.81%;12.79%~45.44%、14.96%~45.44%。(3)土壤物理性质呈垂直地带性分布,各指标间有明显的空间自相关现象。同时各指标在不同土层和海拔间有较明显的差异性,人为干扰、坡度和坡向也是导致土壤物理性质空间异质性的重要原因。(4)总体上,米拉山表层土壤(0~10 cm)物理结构优于深层次(10~30 cm)土壤;阴坡4 700 m和4 900 m处最差,其余海拔居中;阳坡4 500 m处最差,4 800~5 000 m居中,在海拔4 600 m、4 700 m处最佳。以西藏米拉山为代表的青藏高原高寒草甸地带,土壤结构脆弱,为保持水土,制定水土保持目标和确定措施布局,最大限度地提高水土保育水平和综合效益。
To provide data support for soil and water conservation and provide a reliable basis for protecting the natural soil and water ecological environment of the Tibet Plateau,this research had been carried out on the changes of soil physical properties in the alpine meadow of Mila Mountain.The study area was located in the area of 4 500 m~5 100 m above sea level on the shady and sunny slopes on both sides of the Mila Mountain pass.One plot of 20 m×20 m was set in each 100 m elevation gradient,and the five-point sampling method was used to sample undisturbed soil and aluminum box soil in three soil layers of 0-10 cm,10-20 cm and 20-30 cm.The physical properties of different soil samples were determined in the laboratory.The results showed that the soil bulk density increased with increasing soil depth except for the soil samples at 4 600 mm and 4 900mm on shady slope and the soil samples at 4 700 m and 5 000 m on sunny slope;the total porosity and capillary porosity of the two slope directions decreased with increasing of soil depth.The noncapillary porosity did not change with soil layer,and soil moisture content,saturated moisture content and capillary water holding capacity decreased with increasing of soil depth.The variation ranges of soil bulk density,total porosity,capillary porosity,capillary porosity and soil aeration on shady and sunny slopes were 0.47~1.14g/cm^(3) and 0.58~1.04g/cm^(3),59.98~86.14% and 58.45~84.40%,57.71~82.25% and 55.58~82.54%,1.47~62% and 0.85~4.81%,12.79~45.44% and 14.96~45.44%,respectively.Soil physical properties were vertically zonal distribution,and there was obvious spatial auto-correlation between the indicators.At the same time,each index had obvious difference in different soil layers and elevations.Human interference,slope and aspect were also important reasons for spatial heterogeneity of soil physical properties.In general,the physical structure of surface soil(0~10cm) was better than that of deep soil(10~30cm);the shady slope was the worst at 4 700 m and 4 900 m,and the rest were at the middle altitude;the worst was at 4 500 m of sunny slope,the middle was at 4 800 m~5 000 m,and the best was at 4 600 m and 4 700 m.In conclusion,research on vertical zonality of soil physical properties of alpine meadow in Mila mountain can preserve soil and water resources to the maximum extent and improve the comprehensive benefits of ecological environment.