文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：我国天然林保护政策系统分析及优化

英文题名：Analysis and Optimization on China′s Natural Forest Protection Policy System

作者：谢和生[1] 许单云[1] 何亚婷[1] 王鹏[1] 何友均[1] 秦青[2]

第一作者：谢和生

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所,北京100091;[2]中国公园协会,北京100835

年份：2024

卷号：44

期号：24

起止页码：11347-11358

中文期刊名：生态学报

外文期刊名：Acta Ecologica Sinica

收录：CSTPCD;;国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；CSCD:【CSCD2023_2024】；

基金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项资金项目子任务(CAFYBB2020ZD002-5);国家林业和草原局林业重大问题研究———“十五五”林草重大工程和政策需求(500102-1777)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：天然林;天然林资源保护工程;政策系统;政策工具;政策主体;政策客体

外文关键词：natural forest;the Natural Forest Protection Program(NFPP);policy system;policy tool;policy subject;policy object

分类号：F326.2

摘要：以天然林资源保护工程实施期间国家出台的主要政策为对象,运用公共政策科学的政策系统分析框架,研究各阶段天然林保护的政策环境、政策客体、政策主体、政策措施、政策工具及其演变。研究发现,我国天然林保护的政策环境呈现有利与不利因素共存的结构;政策既“管林”又“管人”,其对象兼具自然和社会双重属性;政策主体呈现跨部门多主体的特点;政策措施经历了从区域停伐、重点区域禁伐限伐和减产到更加严格的保护和全面停伐,从森林管护为主到保护培育兼顾,从数量为主到数量与质量并重的演变;在政策工具方面,财政、行政、金融和税收是常用的手段,但法律、市场化和社会化政策工具的开发与应用尚显不足。研究认为,我国天然林保护是一个“生态环境?社会经济”两位一体的复杂政策系统。在全面保护天然林的时代背景下,有必要从持续改善政策环境,加强政策客体的针对性,实施精准保护和修复,加强多元政策主体的协调,实施以质量提升为主的政策措施,完善天然林保护修复政策工具包,以及加强评估与监管等子系统建设等方面优化我国天然林保护政策系统。
Centering on the principal policies enacted by Chinese government during the execution of the Natural Forest Protection Program(NFPP),this research applies the analytical framework of the policy system from public policy science to analyze the policy environment,subjects,objects,measures,instruments,and their progression through successive phases of natural forest protection.The research uncovers that China′s policy environment for protecting natural forests is marked by a coexistence of advantageous and disadvantageous elements.The policies are designed to govern both the forests and the human stakeholders,targeting entities with both ecological and societal characteristics.The policy subjects manifest as multi?sectoral and multi?stakeholder.Policy measures have evolved through stages of regional logging cessation,to prohibition,restriction,and wood production reduction in key areas to more rigorous protection and complete logging ban,shifting from a focus on forest protection to a balanced strategy incorporating conservation and cultivation,and from a predominantly quantitative emphasis to one that values both quantity and quality equally.Regarding policy instruments,fiscal,administrative,financial,and taxation are routinely employed;however,the exploration and utilization of legislative,market?driven,and social policy instruments remain inadequately tapped.This study posits that China′s endeavor in natural forest protection embodies a sophisticated policy ecosystem that intertwines″ecological?environmental and″socio?economic″facets.During the era of comprehensive natural forest protection,enhancements to the policy systemare imperative through:persistently refining the policy environment;enhancing the pertinence of policy targets for pinpointconservation and restoration efforts;reinforcing collaboration among the multiplicity of policy subjects;instituting measureswith an overriding emphasis on quality improvement;expanding the range of policy instruments;and optimizing theevaluation and supervision of subsystems.