文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：世界胭脂虫的研究和利用概况

英文题名：The Present Research and Utilization Situation of Cochineal Insects in the World

作者：张忠和[1] 石雷[1] 徐珑峰[1] 王自力[1]

第一作者：张忠和

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院资源昆虫研究所

年份：2002

卷号：15

期号：6

起止页码：719-726

中文期刊名：林业科学研究

外文期刊名：Forest Research

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2000】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；

基金：国家科技部基础性专项基金"资源昆虫种质资源收集;整理;保存"的内容之一

语种：中文

中文关键词：研究;胭脂虫;仙人掌;天然色素;生物学特性;形态学;分类学;人工培育;加工利用

外文关键词：cochineal; Opuntia; carmine

分类号：S899.3;S759.

摘要：对胭脂虫的分类学、生物学特性、生态学、培育及加工利用等方面近30a的研究成果进行了概述。胭脂虫共有9种,其中具重要经济价值的为DactylopiuscoccusCosta;发育起点温度为16.7℃,近30℃时发育最快,其发育、存活及繁殖的理想温度为26　30℃,在胭脂虫培育地区,降水是影响胭脂虫自然种群数量的主要因素;用胭脂虫干体加工生产的胭脂红色素广泛地应用于食品、化妆品、制药业。胭脂虫的寄主仙人掌也具有很高的利用价值,可果用、菜用、药用及作为牲畜饲料。秘鲁为胭脂虫的主产国,现采用大棚培育胭脂虫的方法。本文同时展望了胭脂虫生产的发展前景。
The research results for nearly 30 years to cochineal, including taxonomy, biology, ecology, utilization history and rearing methods, are reviewed in this article. There are altogether nine species of cochineal in the world, in which Dactylopius coccus Costa has economic importance. The developmental starting temperature of cochineal is 16.7 ℃, while at nearly 30 ℃ the development is the fastest, and the ideal temperature for cultivating cochineal is 2630 ℃. Rainfall is the main effect that influences cultivation of cochineal. Carmine produced from cochineal has been used widely in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutics industry. The host plant of cochineal, cactus pear, also has many utilizations. Peru and Canary Islands are the main countries that produce cochineal , now, cutting cladodes are used for cochineal production in sheds. At the same time , the prospects is also proposed in this article. 