文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：美国新改良的森林消防员逃生罩研发与应用

英文题名：Research&Development and Application of New Improved Forest Firefighter Escape Masks in the United States

作者：周静[1] 司莉青[2,3] 王明玉[2,3] 陈锋[4]

第一作者：周静

机构：[1]国家林业和草原局林产工业规划设计院,北京100010;[2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091;[3]国家林业和草原局森林保护重点实验室,北京100091;[4]北京林业大学生态与自然保护学院,北京100083

年份：2021

卷号：49

期号：9

起止页码：44-46

中文期刊名：林业机械与木工设备

外文期刊名：Forestry Machinery & Woodworking Equipment

基金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目“云南松树冠火发生的关键机制研究”(31800549)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：森林火灾逃生罩;改良装备;防火性能

外文关键词：forest fire escape mask;improved equipment;fireproof performance

分类号：S762

摘要：在美国,逃生罩是森林消防员所使用防护设备中的一种。针对老式逃生罩与火焰直接接触会损坏逃生罩甚至造成森林消防员死亡的问题,密苏拉技术与发展中心(MTDC)重新设计了逃生罩,依据火环境的数据,形成更可靠的以实验为基础的设计。介绍了新改良逃生罩的研发过程、使用方法及其防火性能检测。研究结果认为:新型逃生罩减少了表面积与体积之比,其保护能力也显著提高。在防止热辐射和火焰直接接触方面有了显著的改善,在火焰直接接触试验中,新一代逃生罩中高峰期的平均热流量减少了97%,只有1.3 kW/m^(2),远低于老式逃生罩的相应值44.1 kW/m^(2)。新改良的逃生罩使用简便,防护性能更好,值得推广。
In the United States,escape masks are one of the protective devices used by forest firefighters.The Missoula Technology and Development Center(MTDC)redesigned the older escape masks,which can damage or even kill forest firefighters if they come into direct contact with flames,forming a more reliable lab-based design based on fire environment data.This paper introduced the research and development process of the new improved escape masks and their fire resistance performance testing.The results show that the new type of escape masks has reduced the ratio of surface area to volume,and their protection ability has been significantly improved.There is a significant improvement in the protection against thermal radiation and direct flame contact.It is noteworthy that in the direct flame contact test,the average peak heat flow in the new generation escape masks was reduced by 97%,only 1.3 kw/m^(2),much less than the corresponding value 44.1 kw/m^(2) of the older escape masks.It can be seen that the new improved escape masks are easy to use and have better protective performance,worth popularizing.