文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：乌兰布和沙区绿洲农田土壤微生物及酶活性研究

英文题名：Soil Microorganism and Enzyme Activities Under Different Oasis Farmlands in the Ulanbuh Sandy Areas

作者：包耀贤[1,2] 徐明岗[1] 辛智鸣[2] 孙非[2] 徐军[2]

第一作者：包耀贤

机构：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所;[2]中国林业科学研究院沙漠林业实验中心

年份：2011

卷号：25

期号：5

起止页码：121-125

中文期刊名：水土保持学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2008】；CSCD:【CSCD2011_2012】；

基金：中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(CAFYBB2008027)

语种：中文

中文关键词：乌兰布和沙区;绿洲农田;土壤微生物;土壤酶活性

外文关键词：Ulanbuh sandy areas; oasis farmland; soil microorganism; activity of soil enzymes

分类号：S154.2;S154.3

摘要：以撂荒地为对照,通过测定0-20cm和20-40cm层次土样,利用统计分析方法系统研究乌兰布和沙区籽瓜、玉米、油葵和苜蓿地4种绿洲农田土壤微生物(细菌、放线菌和真菌)和土壤酶活性(蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶、碱性磷酸酶、蛋白酶和多酚氧化酶)特征。结果表明:(1)各农田微生物数量均为细菌(107)>放线菌(105)>真菌(103),三者中,细菌数量占三大类微生物总数的99%以上;各农田表层微生物数量整体高于对照的,且表层均高于下层,但差异不显著;农田间,籽瓜地微生物数量最多;种植苜蓿可显著提升真菌数量。(2)6种酶活性中,仅蔗糖酶和脲酶在层次间和农田间存在显著差异;各农地表层蔗糖酶、脲酶、过氧化氢酶和蛋白酶活性均高于对照的;除多酚氧化酶外,苜蓿地酶活性整体较高。(3)各生物学性质相互关联,互相影响。6种酶间呈显著或极显著相关,酶活性既显专性又显共性;蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、蛋白酶、多酚氧化酶、真菌和放线菌直接影响有机质含量的程度达85%;总体而言,乌兰布和沙区绿洲体系形成后,长期农作活动使得绿洲农田生物学性质得以改善,土壤质量整体有所提高;设法提高研究区土壤有机质含量是提高绿洲农田土壤质量和改善其生态环境的关键所在,应广种苜蓿。
For contrast with abandoned land,through measuring soil samples in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers,and using statistical analytical method,the distribution characteristics of soil microorganism and soil enzyme activities of typical oasis farmlands for Citrullus lanatus（Thunb.） Matsum.et Nakai,Zea mays L.,Helianthus annuus Linn.and Medicago sativa Linn.in the Ulanbuh sandy areas were studied systematically.The results showed that：（1）Microorganism quantities was bacteria（107）actinomycetes（105）fungi（103）,among them,bacterium＇s quantities accounted for more than 99% of total microorganism quantities.Microorganism quantities of all farmlands in topsoil were higher than the control and were higher than the subsoil,but no significant difference between them.Among farmlands,the number of microbes of farmland for Citrullus lanatus（Thunb.） Matsum.et Nakai were the largest.Planting alfalfa（Medicago sativa Linn.） could significantly enhance the amounts of the fungi in soil.（2）Among 6 kinds of soil enzymes,only invertase and urease had significant differences between vertical layers and among different farmlands.Soil enzyme activitives of invertase,urease,catalase and protease in topsoil of all farmlands were higher than the control.Except for soil polyphenol oxidase,soil enzyme activitives of the farmland for alfalfa were overall higher.（3）Soil biological properties of all farmlands interconnected and influenced each other.Significant and very significant correlations were found among 6 kinds of soil enzymes and each soil enzyme showed both specificity and generality.The content of soil organic matter was influenced directly by invertase,catalase,urease,protease,fungi,actinomyces and polyphenol oxidase,and they could significantly explain 85% of the total variance of them.In general,after oasis system in Ulanbuh sandy areas formed,long-term farming activities improved soil biological properties of oasis farmland and soil quality for farmlands was enhanced.In studied areas,trying to increase soil organic matter was the key to enhance soil quality of oasis farmland and to improve ecological environment,and alfalfa should be planted widely.