文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：中国野生朱鹮的繁殖现状和种群数量

英文题名：Reproductive Status and Population Size of Wild Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon)in China

作者：王超[1] 张亚祖[1] 曾键文[1] 高洁[1] 闫鲁[1] 刘冬平[2]

第一作者：王超

机构：[1]陕西汉中朱鹮国家级自然保护区管理局,洋县723300;[2]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室,北京10091

年份：2020

卷号：56

期号：11

起止页码：143-150

中文期刊名：林业科学

外文期刊名：Scientia Silvae Sinicae

收录：CSTPCD;;EI(收录号：20210209767672);Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2017】；CSCD:【CSCD2019_2020】；

基金：中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金资助(CAFYBB2016SY016);国家林业和草原局野生动植物保护专项(2130211-19-408/090);中日朱鹮保护合作项目(90901-2019)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：朱鹮;繁殖生产力;夜宿地;同步调查;环境容纳量

外文关键词：Crested Ibis;breeding productivity;nocturnal roost;simultaneous count;environment capacity

分类号：Q959.7;S718.63

摘要：【目的】了解和掌握野生朱鹮的繁殖特征和最新的种群数量,为朱鹮种群的现状评估和保护管理提供科学依据。【方法】于2019年3―6月对陕西省洋县及周边地区的朱鹮巢址进行调查,统计每巢的环境因子和繁殖参数,分析营巢成功率和繁殖生产力;于2019年9月对朱鹮的夜宿地进行同步调查,统计朱鹮的数量和年龄结构。根据巢址的密度,在ArcView GIS 3.3中使用核密度法(Kernel)计算不同巢区的分布和面积,在SPSS 22.0中使用列联表分析(Crosstabs)和单因素方差分析(ANOVA)比较朱鹮繁殖参数的差异。【结果】2019年共统计到朱鹮巢址449个,主要分布在陕西省洋县(66.8%)和毗邻的城固县(29.0%)。朱鹮的核心巢区和常规巢区面积分别为244.1 km 2和1523.7 km 2,其中核心巢区的营巢密度为0.73巢?km^-2,远高于常规巢区的0.16巢?km^-2。朱鹮的营巢成功率为66.4%,在核心巢区、常规巢区和外围巢区中营巢成功率依次上升且差异极为显著。朱鹮的繁殖生产力为2.05,其中外围巢区的繁殖生产力显著高于其他2个巢区。共统计到营巢树种19种,主要为松树(30.2%)、榆树(28.6%)和山杨(26.6%)。朱鹮在3种主要营巢树种的营巢成功率没有显著差异,但在松树上的繁殖生产力显著较高。在38个夜宿地同步记录到朱鹮2571只,其中,洋县和城固县的夜宿地数量分别占73.7%和15.8%,夜宿的朱鹮数量分别占73.0%和23.4%。夜宿种群中当年出生的幼鸟占11.6%。【结论】我国野生朱鹮的数量稳步增长,巢址和夜宿地仍然主要分布在洋县和毗邻的城固县。但核心巢区的种群增长可能已经受到环境容纳量的限制,朱鹮种群正在加速向外围地区扩散。种群的年龄结构正在发生较大变化,将对今后的种群增长速度产生影响。加强对核心分布区栖息地的恢复以及对外围分布区的保护管理,将是促进朱鹮种群持续增长的关键。
【Objective】This study aimed to understand the reproductive traits and estimate the current population size of the endangered Crested Ibis(Nipponia nippon),so as to provide a scientific basis for the population status assessment and efficient conservation and management.【Method】We investigated the nest sites of wild Crested Ibis in Yangxian and the surrounding area of Shaanxi Province and the environmental factors and reproductive parameters of each nest from March to June,2019,and analyzed the nesting success and breeding productivity.Meanwhile,a simultaneous survey at the nocturnal roosts was conducted in September 2019,to investigate the population size and age structure.According to nest-site density,a fixed Kernel method in ArcView GIS 3.3 was used to estimate the distribution and area of three different nesting ranges,and Crosstabs and ANOVA in SPSS 22.0 were used to compare the differences of reproductive traits.【Result】A total of 449 nest sites were recorded in 2019,which mainly distributed in Yangxian(66.8%)and Chenggu(29.0%).Based on Fixed Kernel estimation,the size of core nesting range and regular nesting range of Crested Ibis were 244.1 km 2 and 1523.7 km 2,respectively,with the nesting density in core range of 0.73 nests?km^-2,which was much higher than that in regular range with 0.16 nests?km^-2.The nesting success rate averaged 66.4%,and it increased from core range,regular nest range to peripheral nest range,and the difference was significant among the three nesting ranges.The breeding productivity averaged 2.05,and it was significantly higher in peripheral nesting range than that in the other two nesting ranges.A total of 19 species of nesting trees were recorded,dominated by Pinus spp.(30.2%),Ulmus pumila(28.6%)and Populus davidiana(26.6%).There was no significant difference of nesting success among the three tree species,but the breeding productivity in Pinus spp.was significantly higher than that in the other two species.A total of 2571 individuals were recorded in 38 nocturnal roosts,among which Yangxian and Chenggu counties accounted for 73.7%and 15.8%of the total roosts,respectively,and 73.0%and 23.4%of the total number of birds,respectively.The fledglings accounted for 11.6%of the total population.【Conclusion】The wild population of Crested Ibis is increasing steadily,and the most of the nest sites and nocturnal roosts are still distributed in Yangxian and Chenggu.However,the population growth in the core nesting range may have been experiencing the suppression from the environment capacity,and consequently the population is accelerating its dispersal outside.The age structure of wild population is changing,which will have impact on the population growth rate.It is crucial to facilitate the habitat restoration in the core ranging and efficient management of peripheral population.