文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：造林密度对欧美杨3品种在东北地区生长及材性的影响

英文题名：Effect of Planting Density on Growth and Wood Property of Three Populus×euramericana Cultivars

作者：刘宁[1] 丁昌俊[1] 李波[1] 丁密[1] 苏晓华[1] 黄秦军[1]

第一作者：刘宁

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091

年份：2020

卷号：33

期号：4

起止页码：9-18

中文期刊名：林业科学研究

外文期刊名：Forest Research

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2017】；CSCD:【CSCD2019_2020】；

基金：国家重点研发计划课题“欧美杨工业资源材高效培育技术研究”(2016YFD0600401);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划课题“阔叶树速生丰产林定向培育技术研究”(2015BAD09B02)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：造林密度;欧美杨品种;保存率;胸径;木材性质

外文关键词：planting density;Populus×euramericana cultivars;preservation rate;DBH;wood property

分类号：S781.42

摘要：[目的 ]为了探讨我国欧美杨速生丰产林良种选育及栽培环节存在的关键共性技术问题,在我国东北地区大凌河流域平原开展栽植密度对欧美杨品种的影响试验,为欧美杨纸浆材人工林优良品种的早期选育及推广栽培提供一定的理论依据。[方法 ]试验材料为京2杨、渤丰1号杨和渤丰3号杨3个欧美杨品种,设计2 m×3m、2 m×4 m、2 m×5 m和2 m×6 m四种造林密度。测量第2至8年的胸径,统计第1至8年的保存率,测定第1至8年的木材物理性质、第2、4、6、8年的木材解剖性质,测定总体的木材化学成分;整理并绘制保存率连年变化图,利用双因素方差分析逐年评价品种、造林密度以及品种与造林密度的交互作用对欧美杨胸径的效应,并对各性状进行多重比较。[结果 ]品种和造林密度对胸径生长均有极显著的影响(p <0.01);造林密度与品种的互作效应在第1至6年均是显著的(p <0.05),第7、8年则没有出现显著性(p>0.05)的互作效应。各造林密度中京2杨的保存率呈逐年较大幅度下降的形式,在第8年其各密度胸径和保存率最差,保存率最高的是2 m×6 m造林密度中的渤丰1号杨;胸径最大的是2 m×6 m造林密度中的渤丰3号杨。较大造林密度(2 m×3 m和2 m×4 m)会在生长初期使欧美杨的保存率较大幅度下降,而较小的造林密度(2 m×5 m和2 m×6 m)保存率下降平缓。对木材性质进行的多重比较结果表明:造林密度对木材性质影响不显著(p>0.05)的影响。木材的纤维长宽比、总木素含量随造林密度的增加而增大;而较小的造林密度会增加木材的微纤丝角、纤维素含量、综纤维素含量。[结论 ]3个欧美杨品种的适应性存在差异,渤丰1号杨和渤丰3号杨优于京2杨。较大的造林密度对3品种的保存率、胸径、木材性质均有抑制作用,而较小的造林密度欧美杨的保存率高。随林龄的增长,欧美杨的木材基本密度、纤维长、纤维长宽比显著性(p <0.05)增大,而木材的微纤丝角、木纤维组织比量显著(p <0.05)减小,纤维宽的变异较小。造林密度与品种的互作效应对胸径的影响随林龄的增长而减弱。在营造纸浆材欧美杨人工林时,初植密度最少不能小于2 m×6 m,且应当做到适地适树以优化生产。试验中欧美杨的木材性质均适宜营造纸浆林,高保存率的渤丰1号杨适合纸浆材人工林的营造,而渤丰3号杨有发展大径材人工林的潜力。
[Objective] To study the impact of planting density on Populus×euramericana cultivars so as to benefit the selection and cultivation of fast-growing and high-yielding poplar plantation. [Method] The test was conducted in Dalinghe Plain, northeast China, taking three Populus×euramericana cultivars( "J2", "Bofeng 1" and "Bofeng 3")as trial materials. Four planting densities of 2 m×3 m, 2 m×4 m, 2 m×5 m and 2 m×6 m were designed. The DBH of the 2 nd to the 8 th year, the preservation rate of the 1 st to 8 th year, the physical properties of the 1 st to the 8 th year,the anatomical properties of the 2 nd, 4 th, 6 th and 8 th year, and the chemical composition of the Populus×euramericana wood were measured and calculated. The effects of cultivars, planting density and cultivars×planting density on DBH of Populus×euramericana were evaluated by two-factor variance analysis year by year, and multiple comparisons were made for each trait. [Result] Cultivars and planting density had significant effects on DBH growth(p <0.01). Planting density×cultivars had significant effects on DBH growth from the 1 st to the 6 th years(p < 0.05), but there was no significant interaction effect from the 7 th to the 8 th years(p > 0.05). Among various planting densities,the preservation rate of "J2" decreased significantly year by year, and the DBH and preservation rate of each density were the worst in the 8 th year. The preservation rate of "Bofeng 1" was the highest with the planting density of 2 m×6 m. The DBH of "Bofeng 3" was the largest with the planting density of 2 m×6 m. Higher planting densities(2 m×3 m and 2 m×4 m) would significantly lower the preservation rate of Populus×euramericana in the early growth stage,while lower planting densities(2 m×5 m and 2 m×6 m) would decrease more slowly. Multiple comparisons of wood properties showed that planting density had little significant effect on wood properties. The ratio of fiber length to width and total lignin content of wood increased with the increase of planting density. The smaller planting density increased the fibril angle, the content of cellulose and the content of holocellulose. [Conclusion] The adaptability of the three Populus×euramericana cultivars is different. The performance of "Bofeng 1" and "Bofeng 3" are better than"J2". Larger afforestation density will inhibit the preservation rate, breast diameter, and wood properties of the three cultivars;with the lower afforestation density, Populus×euramericana will have a higher preservation rate. With the increase of forest age, the wood basic density, fiber length, fiber length to width ratio of Populus×euramericana will increase significantly, the wood microfibril angle, wood fiber tissue ratio will decrease significantly, and the fiber width variation is small. The effect of the interaction of afforestation density and variety on DBH decreases with the age of the plantation. When establishing Populus×euramericana plantation for pulpwood, the initial planting density should not be less than 2 m×6 m, and match the tree species with the site in order to maximize the output. In the experiment, the wood properties of Populus×euramericana are suitable for paper and pulp production. The high preservation rate of "Bofeng 1" is suitable for the establishment of pulpwood plantation, and "Bofeng 3" has the potential to develop large-diameter industrial plantation.