文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：西南桦树皮精油产量和成分随树龄的变化规律

英文题名：Tree age variation in the yield and composition of essential oil from Betula alnoides bark

作者：王彩云[1,2] 杨海宽[3] 王春胜[1] 庞圣江[4] 王欢[1] 曾杰[1]

第一作者：王彩云

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广东广州510520;[2]南京林业大学,江苏南京210037;[3]江西省林业科学院,江西南昌330032;[4]中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心,广西凭祥532600

年份：2020

卷号：40

期号：8

起止页码：37-44

中文期刊名：中南林业科技大学学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2017】；CSCD:【CSCD2019_2020】；

基金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0600604)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：西南桦;水蒸气蒸馏法;GC-MS;保留指数;挥发性成分

外文关键词：Betula alnoides;steam distillation;GC-MS;retention index;volatile components

分类号：S718.43;Q946.8

摘要：【目的】对不同树龄和部位的西南桦树皮进行精油提取、挥发性成分鉴定与组分分析,为进一步合理开发和利用西南桦资源提供基础数据。【方法】从广西凭祥11、21、29和40年生西南桦试验示范林内选择生长旺盛的健康植株,采集干皮和枝皮,经自然阴干和粉碎,应用水蒸气蒸馏法提取树皮精油,气相色谱—质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分离挥发性成分,并结合计算机自动检索辅助系统人工解析,运用峰面积归一法求算各挥发性成分的相对含量。【结果】西南桦干皮精油提取率随着树龄的增大而显著降低,由11年生时的0.08%逐渐降至40年生时的0.02%;枝皮的精油提取率以11和21年生植株为最高,均在0.09%以上,40年生时为最低(0.03%)。应用GC-MS从西南桦树皮精油中共鉴定出19种挥发性组分,包括酯类7种、醇类6种、烯烃类3种、酚类2种、酮类1种。干皮和枝皮精油中分别鉴定出15和14种组分,其主要成分均为水杨酸甲酯、芳樟醇、水杨酸乙酯,干皮对应含量为96.44%、2.16%和0.96%,枝皮对应含量为98.00%、0.41%和0.53%;其共有成分还有2-(5-甲基-5-乙烯基四氢呋喃-2-基)丙-2-基碳酸乙酯、桉叶油醇、4-萜烯醇、2-茨酮。干皮精油的化合物种类随着树龄的增大逐渐增多,由11年生时的7种化合物逐渐增至40年生时的14种,而枝皮精油化合物种类随树龄增大变化不明显。【结论】不同树龄和部位的西南桦树皮精油提取率差异显著,挥发性组分均以酯类为主,其中水杨酸甲酯相对含量高达96%以上,但其含量在不同树龄和部位间差异不明显。西南桦树皮精油主要挥发性成分具有较大的开发潜力,建议在西南桦间伐和主伐时加以收集利用。
【Objective】To provide basic data for further rational development and utilization of Betula alnoides resources, essential oil extraction, volatile component identification and component analysisofbarks collected fromdifferent partsof Betula alnoides trees with different ages were conducted.【Method】Healthy trees were selected from 11, 21, 29 and 40-year-old B. alnoides experimental and demonstration forests in Pingxiang City, Guangxi, their stembarksand branch barks were collected, dried naturally and crushed, and their essential oils were then extracted by steam distillation. Volatile components were separated by gaschromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) and automatically searched by computer., and the relative content of each volatile component was calculated by peak area normalization method.【Result】With the increase of tree age, the extraction rate of essential oil from stembarks of B. alnoides decreased from 0.08% for 11-year-old trees to 0.02% for 40-year-old ones. The extraction rate of essential oil from branch barks of 11-year-old and 21-year-old trees were the highest, both above 0.09%, and that for 40-year-old was the lowest(0.03%). A total of 19 volatile components were identified by GC-MS, including 7 esters, 6 alcohols, 3 hydrocarbones, 2 phenolsand1 ketone. 15 constituents were identified from stem barks and 14 from branch barks. The main constituents of the essential oils of stem and branch barks were all methyl salicylate(96.44% and 98.00%), linalool(2.16% and 0.41%) and benzoic acid, 2-hydroxy-,ethylester(0.96% and 0.53%). The other common constituents for both barks were ethyl2-(5-methyl-5-vinyltetrahydrofuran-2-yl) propan-2-yl carbonate, eucalyptol, terpinen-4-oland(+)-2-bornanone. The number of volatile components in essential oils from stem barks increased gradually from 4 compounds for 11-year-old trees to 6 compounds for 40-year-old trees, while there was no significant difference in those from branch barks between trees with different ages.【Conclusion】The contents of essential oils in B. alnoides barks were significantly correlated with tree ages and tree parts. The volatile components were mainly esters.In particular,the relative content of methyl salicylate was high up to above 96 %, while it was not obviously different between tree ages as well as tree parts.The main volatile components of the essential oil from the barks of B. alnoides have great potential for development, and it is recommended that the barks be collected and utilized when thinning and harvesting of this species.