文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：海南石碌含笑濒危原因综合分析

英文题名：Comprehensive analysis of endangered reasons of Michelia shiluensis in Hainan Province

作者：陈仕铭[1] 文香英[3] 王晶[4] 王晚双[1] 周璋[5] 符杰雄[6] 姚智强[7] 王亚玲[1,2]

第一作者：陈仕铭

机构：[1]海南大学热带特色林木花卉遗传与种质创新教育部重点实验室,海南海口570228;[2]海南大学海南省热带特色花木资源生物学重点实验室,海南海口570228;[3]中国科学院华南植物园,广东广州510650;[4]棕榈生态城镇发展股份有限公司,河南郑州450000;[5]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广东广州510520;[6]海南热带雨林国家公园管理局吊罗山分局,海南陵水572400;[7]海南天香木兰植物保育研究中心,海南儋州571722

年份：2025

卷号：34

期号：6

起止页码：32-39

中文期刊名：植物资源与环境学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Plant Resources and Environment

收录：;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：海南省重点研发项目(ZDYF2025XDNY071);国际植物园保护联盟中国项目(BGCI30434);陕西省科学技术厅创新人才推进计划-科技创新团队项目(2021TD-33);海南省自然科学基金青年项目(322QN249)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：石碌含笑;生存现状;濒危原因;海南

外文关键词：Michelia shiluensis Chun et Y.F.Wu;current survival status;endangered reason;Hainan Province

分类号：Q944.43;Q945.3;S685.99

摘要：为进一步明确石碌含笑(Michelia shiluensis Chun et Y.F.Wu)的濒危原因,连续3年对海南吊罗山国家森林公园野生石碌含笑种群的生存现状进行调查,同时对海南天香木兰植物保育研究中心栽培石碌含笑的生长特性进行统计分析,并对栽培和野生石碌含笑进行比较。结果表明:该野生石碌含笑种群共有296株个体,但开花植株仅占个体总数的7.1%,占成年(胸径在22.5 cm及以上)个体数的44.7%;开花和结实植株最小株距的中值分别为17.07和2.56 m,且罕见幼苗;生境遮光率均在96%以上。85%以上土壤的有机质、全氮、全钾及碱解氮含量在较丰富及以上水平,2/3以上土壤的速效钾含量在适量或较丰富水平,所有土壤的全磷含量在贫乏或极贫乏水平,半数以上土壤的有效磷含量在贫乏或极贫乏水平。野生石碌含笑生长较慢,株龄5 a的野生植株的平均株高与株龄2 a的栽培植株相近。经推算,野生和栽培石碌含笑的童期分别为20.3和10.8 a。观察结果显示:石碌含笑在花蕾形成期经过高温干旱天气后植株的开花物候期明显延迟,小孢子败育严重,花粉量急剧减少甚至无花粉。在遮光率90%处理下石碌含笑的净光合速率最高,株高增长量最大;而在遮光率99%处理下石碌含笑的净光合速率最低,株高和地径增长量最小。综合分析认为,海南吊罗山石碌含笑的濒危原因主要为外因,即碎片化生境导致植株花而不实,林下光照不足导致幼苗生长缓慢甚至死亡,种群更新困难。因此,石碌含笑是个被严重低估的濒危树种。
To further clarify the endangered reasons of Michelia shiluensis Chun et Y.F.Wu,the current survival status of wild M.shiluensis populations in Diaoluo Mountain National Forest Park of Hainan Province was investigated for three consecutive years,meanwhile,the growth characteristics of cultivated M.shiluensis in Hainan Tianxiang Magnolia Plant Conservation Research Center were statistically analyzed and a comparison was made between cultivated and wild M.shiluensis.The results show that there are 296 individuals in this wild M.shiluensis population,but the flowering plants account for only 7.1%of the total number of individuals and 44.7%of the number of adult individuals(diameter at breast height of 22.5 cm and above);the medians of minimum distance of flowering and fruiting plants are 17.07 and 2.56 m,respectively,with rare seedlings;the habitat shading rates are all greater than 96%.The contents of organic matter,total nitrogen,total potassium,and available nitrogen in more than 85%of soils are at relatively rich and greater levels,while the available potassium contents in over 2/3 of soils are at moderate or relatively rich levels,but the total phosphorus contents in all soils are at poor or extremely poor levels,and the available phosphorus contents in over half of the soils are at poor or extremely poor levels.Wild M.shiluensis grows relatively slowly,and the average height of wild plants with plant age of 5 a is similar to that of cultivated ones with plant age of 2 a.After calculation,the juvenile phases of wild and cultivated M.shiluensis are 20.3 and 10.8 a,respectively.The observation results show that the flowering phenology of M.shiluensis is obviously declayed after experiencing high temperature and drought weather during the bud formation period,and microspore abortion is serious,pollens decrease sharply or even no pollen.The net photosynthetic rate and height increment of M.shiluensis seedlings under 90%shading rate treatment are both the highest;while the net photosynthetic rate,height and ground diameter increments of M.shiluensis seedlings under 99%shading rate treatment are all the lowest.It is comprehensively analyzed that the primary endangered reasons of M.shiluensis in Diaoluo Mountain of Hainan are extrinsic,viz.habitat fragmentation-induced flowering without fruiting,insufficient understory light causing slow growth and even mortality of seedlings,and difficult population regeneration.So,M.shiluensis is a severely underestimated endangered species.