文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：三峡水库峡谷地貌区消落带优势植物种群生态位

英文题名：Niche of dominant plant populations in the water level fluctuation zone of canyon landform area of the Three Gorges Reservoir

作者：简尊吉[1] 马凡强[1] 郭泉水[1] 秦爱丽[1] 肖文发[1]

第一作者：简尊吉

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091

年份：2017

卷号：36

期号：2

起止页码：328-334

中文期刊名：生态学杂志

外文期刊名：Chinese Journal of Ecology

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；CSCD:【CSCD2017_2018】；

基金：“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划课题(2015BAD07B040301)资助

语种：中文

中文关键词：植物种群;生态位宽度;生态位相似性比例;生态位重叠

外文关键词：plant population ; niche breadth ; niche proportional similarity ; niche overlap.

分类号：Q948.11

摘要：采用相邻格子法布设样方,对三峡水库峡谷地貌区海拔155~181 m的植被进行调查。以植物重要值为指标筛选消落带优势植物,并计测消落带优势植物和非消落带同种植物的生态位宽度、生态位相似性比例和生态位重叠值。通过消落带与非消落带比较,研究消落带优势植物种群的生态位特征及形成机制,为消落带植被恢复和重建中适生植物筛选及植物种的科学配置等提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)经历多次水库水位涨落后,消落带出现了10种优势植物,这些植物生态位宽度的大小排序是:鳢肠、毛马唐、鬼针草、狗尾草、稗、金色狗尾草、苍耳、狗牙根、香附子、水蓼;消落带上生态位相似性比例较大的种对是:毛马唐-稗、鳢肠-苍耳、鬼针草-水蓼;生态位重叠值较大的种对是:鬼针草-水蓼、鳢肠-苍耳、狗牙根-香附子、毛马唐-稗。生态位宽度大的植物种,与其他植物种的生态位相似性比例和生态位重叠值也大。(2)消落带优势植物生态位相似性比例大于0.5的占51%,非消落带的同种植物仅占31%;消落带优势植物种间生态位重叠值大于0.5的占67%,非消落带的同种植物仅占44%。消落带大多数优势植物的生态位宽度、生态位相似性比例以及生态位重叠值较高,反映出消落带优势植物间的生态位分化程度较低,种间竞争较为激烈,群落的稳定性较差。(3)不同植物的生物学特性以及对水陆交替变化环境的适应能力和生境的稳定程度,是导致消落带优势植物和非消落带同种植物生态位特征出现差异的主要原因。
Based on the data of adjacent lattice method, vegetation characteristics such as species importance value, niche breadth, niche proportional similarity and niche overlap value were measured in the waterlevel fluctuation zone （WLFZ） and nonfluctuation zone （CK） of the canyon landform area of the Three Gorges Reservoir. The niche characteristics of dominant plants were studied and their forming mechanisms were discussed through the comparison between the WLFZ and the CK to provide a theoretical basis for optimal plant selection and scientific plant configuration of vegetation restoration and reconstruction in the WLFZ. The results showed that： （1） 10 dominant plant species appeared after experiencing many times of water level fluctuation in the WLFZ. Among them, Eclipta prostrate had the biggest niche breadth, followed by Digitaria chrysoblephara, Bidens pilosa, Setaria viridis, Echinochloa crusgalli, S. glauca, Xanthium sibiricum, Cynodon dactylon, Cyperus rotundus, and Polygonum hydropiper. The larger niche proportional similarities in the WLFZ were D. chrysoblephara vs. E. crusgalli, E. prostrata vs. X. sibiricum, B. pilosa vs. P. hydropiper, and the larger niche overlap values were B. pilosa vs. P. hydropiper, E. prostrata vs. X. sibiricum, C. dactylon vs. C. rotundus, D. chrysoblephara vs. E. crusgalli. These results suggested plants with larger niche breadth had larger niche proportional similarity and niche overlap value. （2） The proportion of niche proportional similarity and niche overlap value of more than 0.5 were 51% and 67% in the WLFZ, but 31% and 44% in the CK, respectively. The niche breadth, niche proportional similarity and niche overlap value of most dominant plants in the WLFZ were greater than those of the same plants in the CK, which indicated that the niche differentiation between different dominant plants was lower, the interspecific competition was more intense, and the stability of plant community was worse. （3） The biological characteristics of plants and their adaptabilities to the environmental changes, and the habitat stability were the main reasons for the differences of niche characteristics between the WLFZ and the CK.