文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：青藏高原高寒草原土壤蒸发特征及其影响因素

英文题名：Evaporation characteristics of alpine meadow in Tibetan Plateau and the influencing factors

作者：刘志伟[1] 李胜男[1] 张寅生[2] 郭燕红[2] 韦玮[1] 王坤鑫[2,3]

第一作者：刘志伟

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,湿地生态功能与恢复北京市重点实验室,北京100091;[2]中国科学院青藏高原研究所,环境变化与地表过程重点实验室,北京100101;[3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

年份：2019

卷号：0

期号：9

起止页码：87-93

中文期刊名：干旱区资源与环境

外文期刊名：Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

收录：北大核心:【北大核心2017】；CSSCI:【CSSCI2019_2020】；CSCD:【CSCD2019_2020】；

基金：国家自然科学基金项目(41430748;41801047)资助

语种：中文

中文关键词：青藏高原;高寒草原;蒸发;小型蒸渗仪;植被覆盖度

外文关键词：Tibetan Plateau;alpine meadow;evaporation;micro-lysimeter;vegetation coverage

分类号：S812.2

摘要：蒸发作为水量平衡和能量平衡的重要组成部分,在生物圈-水圈-大气圈中发挥着不可或缺的作用,其变化对于农业、生态水文具有重要的影响。青藏高原作为气候变暖的先兆区,冻土活动层厚度增加,改变大气和土壤的水热交换过程,为明确青藏高原冻土区蒸发在气候变暖大背景下的变化趋势,本研究选取典型冻土区色林错流域,于2017年8-9月、2018年7-9月利用小型蒸渗仪对植被覆盖度15%、30%和60%高寒草原土壤水分分布特征以及蒸发变化进行了定量研究,并探讨了其主要影响因素。结果表明:(1)植被覆盖度为15%,日均蒸发量最大,为2.25mm;植被覆盖度为60%的日均蒸发量最小,为1.88mm;在日蒸发过程上,12:00-16:00蒸发量最大,16:00-20:00蒸发量最小。(2)3种植被覆盖度条件下土壤水分最大值位于20-30cm层;最小值在土壤表层(0-10cm)。随植被覆盖度增加,土壤含水量增大,尤其是浅层土壤(20cm)表现的十分明显。(3)通过对地上生物量和蒸发量的相关性研究,生物量越大,蒸发量越低。(4)在高寒草原蒸发与气象要素关系研究中发现,蒸发主要受水汽压和净辐射的影响。
Evaporation,as an important component of water balance and energy balance,plays an indispensable role in the Biosphere-hydrosphere-atmosphere.In addition,the change of evaporation has an important influence on agriculture and ecological hydrology.The Tibet Plateau is a harbinger of climate change.The climate warming has led to the increase of permafrost activity layer thickness,changing the water and heat exchange processes between the atmosphere and the soil.In order to clarify the changing trend of evaporation under the background of climate warming in Tibet Plateau permafrost region,we chose Siling Co basin as the object.We quantified the evaporations from 15%,30%and 60%vegetation coverages of Alpine prairies using the small lysimeters and discussed the main influencing factors.The results show that:(1)During the observation period,the daily average evaporation from 15%vegetation coverage was the highest with a value of 2.25 mm.In opposite,the daily average evaporation from 60%vegetation coverage was the lowest with a value of 1.88 mm.The maximum of evaporation occurred in 12:00-16:00 and the minimum occurred in 16:00-20:00 on the diurnal cycle.(2)The maximum soil moisture was distributed in the depth of 20-30 cm,while the minimum was distributed in the surface layer(0-10 cm)for three different vegetation coverage.Besides,the soil moisture content had a positive relationship with the vegetation coverage,especially in the surface layer(20 cm).(3)The evaporation had a negative relationship with the aboveground biomass.(4)According to the relationship between evaporation and meteorological elements,the result shows that evaporation was mainly affected by water vapor pressure and net radiation.