文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：日本落叶松自由授粉家系选择和无性繁殖利用

英文题名：Selection of Larix kaempferi Free Pollination Families and Utilization of Asexual Reproduction

作者：胡勐鸿[1,2] 李万峰[2] 吕寻[1]

第一作者：胡勐鸿

机构：[1]甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所、甘肃省次生林培育重点实验室、甘肃小陇山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,天水741020;[2]林木遗传育种全国重点实验室、国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室、中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091

年份：2023

卷号：6

期号：1

起止页码：7-16

中文期刊名：温带林业研究

外文期刊名：Journal of Temperate Forestry Research

基金：抗松材线虫病高产落叶松新品种设计与培育(2022ZD0401602);甘肃省林业和草原科技计划项目(2020kj034);中央财政林木良种繁育补助项目。

语种：中文

中文关键词：日本落叶松;自由授粉家系;选择效应;无性繁殖

外文关键词：Larix kaempferi;free pollinating family;selection effect;asexual reproduction

分类号：S722.3

摘要：【目的】为加速日本落叶松良种转化利用效率,从源头提高造林质量,助推“碳达峰”和“碳中和”目标早日实现,进一步为遗传改良提供材料。【方法】在甘肃小陇山沙坝落叶松/云杉国家良种基地167林班30 a日本落叶松人工林主伐迹地,采用完全随机区组试验设计:按株行距1.5 m×1.5 m,4×4株小区,5次重复对36个日本落叶松种子园自由授粉家系进行更新造林试验。试验林17 a生胸径、树高、蓄积、生物量、碳密度等性状值采用spss16.0进行分析。通过家系性状遗传变异分析,以胸径为选择对象,选择出胸径最高的家系,在家系选择的基础上,配合单株选择。【结果】家系间胸径、树高、蓄积、生物量、碳密度差异达显著水平(P<0.05),且试验林胸径、树高、蓄积、生物量、碳密度等性状间呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.01)。这些性状表型变异系数和遗传变异系数依次为:27.23%、17.02%、60.34%、18.09%、18.08%和3.14%、1.73%、7.49%、2.03%、2.02%。表型变异系数远大于遗传变异系数,表明落叶松生长性状不仅受遗传因素影响,还易受环境因子影响,家系间存在着丰富的遗传变异,遗传改良潜力巨大。以胸径为主按30%的入选率,入选家系11个,入选家系胸径、树高、蓄积、生物量、碳密度的家系遗传力为0.520、0.455、0.542、0.451、0.448,预期遗传增益和现实增益分别达到3.32%、1.59%、7.56%、1.84%、1.83%和6.39%、3.49%、13.94%、4.08%、4.08%,家系性状选择强度在0.21~0.23间。在家系选择的基础上,配合选择单株55株,单株入选率2.15%,选择强度在1.37~2.45间。入选单株胸径、树高、蓄积、生物量、碳密度的遗传增益和现实增益分别是3.00%、3.73%、8.86%、1.46%、0.70%和56.53%、23.31%、145.25%、29.16%、29.16%。【结论】日本落叶松家系和家系内存在着丰富的遗传变异,而且生长易受环境因子影响,选择潜力大。在家系选择的基础上配合单株选择,将入选单株嫁接或者扦插营建采穗圃,早期无性系繁殖利用,进一步为遗传改良提供了应用材料。
【Objective】This paper aims to accelerate the transformation and utilization efficiency of improved varieties of Larix kaempferi,improve the afforestation quality from the source,promote the early realization of“carbon peak”and“carbon neutral”goals,and provide materials for further genetic improvement.【Method】At the main cutting site of Larix kaempferi plantation of 30 years in 167 forest class of Shaba Larix/Spruce National Improved Variety Base in Xiaolongshan,Gansu Province,a completely randomized block test design was adopted,and the spacing between trees and rows was 1.5 m×1.5 m,4×4 plots,5 repeats.A reforestation experiment was conducted on 36 free pollination families in Larix kaempferi seed orchard.The traits of the 17-year-old experimental forest,such as DBH,tree height,volume of wood,biomass and carbon density,were analyzed by spss 16.0.Through the analysis of genetic variation of family traits,the family with the highest DBH was selected with the DBH as the selection object.On the basis of family selection,single plant selection was carried out.【Result】The difference of DBH,tree height,volume of wood,biomass and carbon density among families reached a significant level(P<0.05).There was a very significant positive correlation between the traits of DBH,tree height,volume of wood,biomass,carbon density(P<0.01).The phenotypic and genetic variation coefficients of these traits were 27.23%,17.02%,60.34%,18.09%,18.08%and 3.14%,1.73%,7.49%,2.03%and 2.02%respectively.The coefficient of phenotypic variation is far greater than the coefficient of genetic variation,indicating that the growth traits of Larix kaempfeir are not only affected by genetic factors,but also susceptible to environmental factors.There are abundant genetic variations among families,and the potential for genetic improvement is huge.Based on the DBH,11 families were selected according to the selection rate of 30%.The heritability of the selected families for DBH,tree height,volume of wood,biomass and carbon density was 0.520,0.455,0.542,0.451 and 0.448.The expected genetic gain and actual gain were 3.32%,1.59%,7.56%,1.84%,1.83%and 6.39%,3.49%,13.94%,4.08%and 4.08%,respectively.The selection intensity of family traits ranged from 0.21 to 0.23.On the basis of family selection,55 individual plants were selected,with a selection rate of 2.15%and a selection intensity of 1.37-2.45.The genetic gain and actual gain of DBH,tree height,stock,biomass and carbon density of selected individual plants were 3.00%,3.73%,8.86%,1.46%,0.70%and 56.53%,23.31%,145.25%,29.16%and 29.16%,respectively.【Conclusion】There were rich genetic variation in Larix kaempferi families and within the families,and their growth is easily affected by environmental factors,with great selection potential.On the basis of family selection and in combination with single plant selection,the selected single plant will be grafted or cut to build a harvest nursery for early clonal reproduction and utilization,which also provides application materials for further genetic improvement.