文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：常规林木育种研究现状与发展趋势

英文题名：Current Status and Development Prospects of Traditional Tree Breeding

作者：郑勇奇[1]

第一作者：郑勇奇

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所

年份：2001

卷号：14

期号：3

起止页码：10-17

中文期刊名：世界林业研究

外文期刊名：World Forestry Research

收录：北大核心:【北大核心2000】；CSCD:【CSCD_E2011_2012】；

语种：中文

中文关键词：常规林木育种;遗传变异;育种模型;育种周期;分子遗传学;多性状综合选择

分类号：S722.3

摘要：常规林木育种最重要的途径是利用树种现有的自然遗传变异以及利用育种手段创造遗传变异 ,通过选择获得优良品种 ,使目的性状在遗传上得到改良。把常规育种的分阶段遗传试验如种源试验、子代测定等整合到同一试验 ,以及对多个性状的综合选择 ,使传统的田间试验所需时间大大缩短 ,缩短育种周期 ,加速育种进程 ,为育种项目带来巨大的经济效益。另一方面 ,随着计算机技术的迅速发展 ,进行复杂模拟和运算的能力不断提高 ,使育种值估计和预测的精确度越来越高 ,也使采用复杂的试验设计成为可能。随着许多林木育种项目进入高世代 ,多世代育种受到日益广泛的重视。在育种群体或种子园内 ,通过建立优化育种模型对遗传材料进行优化配置。未来林木育种策略和育种目标将会把育种成本等经济因素考虑在内 ,根据育种项目的经济效果来确定育种方法。育种新技术必须以常规育种项目为依托 ,才能真正发挥作用。
It is important for traditional tree breeding to utilize the existing natural genetic variation of tree species, the target traits were improved by selection. The multiple phases of genetic tests of traditional tree breeding can be integrated into a single test which needs more complicated experimental design and analysis but significantly reduces duration and costs of the tests. Meanwhile, the rapid development of computer technologies and analyzing technologies make it possible to conduct analysis for complicated experiment designs.With many tree breeding programs entering advanced generations, multi-generation breeding has received increasing attention, optimized breeding models integrating genetic gains with gene diversity have become the focus of many tree breeding programs. Based on the optimization theory, the development of genetic material in seed orchard or breeding population can be well achieved. Future tree breeding will also integrate economic factors into the breeding objectives. New breeding technologies such as molecular markers have to be based on sound traditional tree breeding program to play their roles.