文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：日本落叶松种子园和人工林优树自由授粉家系苗期选择

英文题名：Seedling Selection of Superior Tree Open Pollination Families in Larix kaempferi Orchards and Plantations

作者：胡勐鸿[1,2] 李万峰[1] 吕寻[2] 戴小芬[2] 李宗德[2] 周卓玲[2]

第一作者：胡勐鸿

机构：[1]林木遗传育种全国重点实验室(中国林业科学研究院林业研究所),北京100091;[2]甘肃省小陇山林业科学研究所(甘肃省次生林培育重点实验室,甘肃小陇山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站),甘肃天水741022

年份：2024

卷号：40

期号：6

起止页码：64-78

中文期刊名：森林工程

外文期刊名：Forest Engineering

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：抗松材线虫病高产落叶松新品种设计与培育(2022ZD0401602);甘肃省林业和草原科技计划项目(2020kj034);中央财政国家林木良种基地良种繁育补助项目。

语种：中文

中文关键词：日本落叶松;种子园自由授粉家系;优树自由授粉家系;苗期选择

外文关键词：Larix kaempferi;seed orchard open pollination family;superior tree open pollination family;seedling selection

分类号：S791.223

摘要：探究日本落叶松种子园和人工林优树自由授粉家系苗期生长性状遗传变异规律,为优良家系造林和后期遗传改良提供参考。以沙坝国家落叶松/云杉良种基地日本落叶松初级无性系种子园25个自由授粉家系和30个人工林优树自由授粉家系为试验材料,种子园混合种子苗作为对照,田间试验采用随机完全区组试验设计,在沙坝国家落叶松云杉良种基地苗木培育圃进行苗期生长试验。数据采用SPSS 16.0进行方差分析、多重比较,并估算遗传力和遗传增益,以2年生苗地径、苗高、新梢生长量为指标,采用Brykin多性状综合评定法进行家系评价和选择。种子园、人工林优树自由授粉家系1年生苗和2年生苗生长性状(地径、苗高、2年生苗新梢生长量)具有丰富的遗传变异,生长性状间具有显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)正相关关系,家系选择潜力大。种子园自由授粉家系2年生苗地径、苗高、新梢生长量的表型变异系数分别是27.61%、36.82%、44.28%,家系遗传力依次为0.76、0.79、0.79,人工林优树自由授粉家系地径、苗高、新梢生长量的表型变异系数分别是25.57%、32.94%、38.83%,家系遗传力依次为0.90、0.92、0.92,属较高遗传力。家系生长性状受强的遗传控制,具有一定的稳定遗传能力,家系选择的遗传增益显著。按照50%的入选率初步选择苗期表现好的优良家系,种子园有种1、种25、种8、种34、种26、种12、种16、种20、种2、种100、种7、种21、种101共13个家系入选,入选家系地径、苗高、新梢生长量的遗传增益达到1.89%、6.18%、7.65%;人工林优树自由授粉家系有优19、优8、优2、优28、优30、优3、优7、优1、优18、优6、优15、优26、优25、优24、优13共15个家系入选,入选家系的地径、苗高、新梢生长量的遗传增益分别是3.73%、9.31%、11.19%。不论种子园还是人工林优树自由授粉家系,采用Brykin综合评价法选择的优良家系恰好是将苗高最大的家系入选。因此,建议日本落叶松自由授粉家系苗期采用单一性状——苗高作为评价和选择指标,会更加直观、经济、有效。在50%的入选率下,种子园、人工林优树自由授粉家系苗期分别有13个和15个家系入选,苗期初选家系为造林试验和后期遗传改良提供参考,有效减小田间试验规模,提高选择效率。苗高作为评价和选择指标,在生产中更加直观、方便、实用。
To explore the genetic variation patterns of growth traits during the seedling stage in Larix kaempferi seed orchards and plantation of superior tree open pollination families,and provide reference for afforestation and genetic improvement of excellent fami?lies in the later stage.Using 25 open pollinated families and 30 open pollinated families of superior trees in plantation as experimental materials in the Larix kaempferi primary clonal seed orchard of the Shaba National Larch/Spruce Seed Base.Mixed seed seedlings in the seed orchard were used as controls,and a randomized complete block experimental design was used in the field experiment.The seedling growth experiment was conducted in the nursery of the Shaba National Larch/Spruce Seed Base.The data was analyzed using SPSS 16.0 for variance analysis,multiple comparisons,and estimated heritability and genetic gain.The 2-year-old seedling ground diameter,seedling height,and new shoot growth were used as indicators,and the Brykin multi trait comprehensive evaluation method was used for family evaluation and selection.There were rich genetic variations in the growth traits of 1-year-old and 2-year-old seed?lings(ground diameter,height,and new shoot growth of 2-year-old seedlings)in seed orchards and open pollination families of supe?rior trees in plantation,with significant differences in growth traits(P<0.05)or extremely significant(P<0.01)positive correlation,with great potential for family selection.The coefficient of variation(CV)for 2-year-old seedling ground diameter,seedling height,and new shoot growth of the open pollinated family in the seed orchard were 27.61%,36.82%,and 44.28%,respectively.The heritability of the family was 0.76,0.79,and 0.79,respectively.The phenotypic CV for the ground diameter,seedling height,and new shoot growth of the open pollinated family in the plantation was 25.57%,32.94%,and 38.83%,respectively.The heritability of the family was 0.90,0.92,and 0.92,respectively,indicating high heritability.The growth traits of a family were strongly controlled by genetics and had a certain degree of stable genetic ability.The genetic gain of family selection was significant.Select excellent families with good seedling performance based on a 50%selection rate,thirteen families including species 1,species 25,species 8,species 34,spe?cies 26,species12,species 16,species20,species 2,species 100,species 7,species 21,and species 101 were selected for the seed orchard.The genetic gains in ground diameter,seedling height,and shoot growth of the selected families reached 1.89%,6.18%,and 7.65%,respectively.Fifteen families,including You19,You8,You2,You28,You30,You3,You7,You1,You18,You6,You15,You26,You25,You24,and You13,were selected for open pollination of superior trees in plantation.The genetic gains of ground diameter,seedling height,and new shoot growth of the selected families were 3.73%,9.31%,and 11.19%,respectively.Re?gardless of whether it is a seed orchard or an planted forest,the excellent family selected using the Brykin comprehensive evaluation method is precisely the one with the highest seedling height selected.Therefore,it is recommended that Larix kaempferi open pollina?tion families use a single trait-seedling height-as an evaluation and selection indicator during the seedling stage,which is more intui?tive,economical,and effective.At a 50%selection rate,13 and 15 families are selected during the seedling stage for open pollination of superior trees in seed orchards and plantation,respectively.The initial selection of families during the seedling stage provides refer?ence for afforestation experiments and later genetic improvement.Effectively reduce the scale of field experiments and improve selec?tion efficiency.As an evaluation and selection indicator,seedling height is more intuitive,convenient,and practical in production.