文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：东北和内蒙古重点国有林区天然林保护工程生态效益分析

英文题名：Evaluation of ecological effects of the natural forest protection program in key state-owned forest districts in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia

作者：黄龙生[1] 王兵[1] 牛香[1] 宋庆丰[1]

第一作者：黄龙生

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室北京林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心

年份：2017

卷号：15

期号：1

起止页码：89-96

中文期刊名：中国水土保持科学

外文期刊名：Science of Soil and Water Conservation

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；CSCD:【CSCD2017_2018】；

基金：林业公益性行业科研专项"东北森林生态要素全指标体系观测技术研究"(201404303);科技创新服务能力建设-协同创新中心-林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心(2011协同创新中心)(市级)(CEFF-PXM2016_014207_000038)

语种：中文

中文关键词：重点国有林区;天然林资源保护工程;生态效益;东北;内蒙古

外文关键词：the key state-owned forest districts; natural forest protection project; ecological effects; Northeast China; Inner Mongolia

分类号：S718.5

摘要：依据LY/T1721—2008《森林生态服务功能评估规范》,应用分布式测算方法,从涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳释氧、林木积累营养物质、净化大气环境和生物多样性保护等6个方面,对东北和内蒙古重点国有林区天然林保护工程实施带来的生态效益及价值进行分析。结果表明:1)天保工程实施期间,调节水量和固土量分别增加157.57亿和2.38亿t,保肥物质量、固碳量、释氧量及林木积累营养物质量分别增加1 717.74万、1 573.03万、3 808.19万和127.83万t,提供负离子增加6.70×1025个,吸收污染物(SO_2、HF、NOx)增加4.29亿kg,吸滞TSP增加1 473.32亿kg;2)每年天保工程生态效益总价值增加6 366.45亿元,相当于天保工程总投资的3.53倍。东北和内蒙古重点国有林区天保工程的实施,显现出巨大的生态效益和可持续发展的潜力,以期为后续天保工程的实施提供科学参考。
[Background] Due to the bitter experiences from the severe flood calamity in 1998,China initiated the natural forest protection project（ NFPP）. It aims to improve the environmental conditions of weak and unstable, and has been called the world＇s largest ecological restoration project. For implementing the NFPP, government has invested huge sum of money for forest infrastructure construction,forest tending,artificial renewal and pest control; naturally,all sectors of society would have concerned what are the ecological effects after its implementation. [Methods] Based on Ⅱ forest resources in key state-owned forest districts in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia in 2000 and 2015,and compiling with the forest ecosystem services assessment specification（ LY / T1721—2008） and thedistributed measurement method,we evaluated the ecological effects and economic value of this ecological restoration project in key state-owned forest districts in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia. Total 6ecological functions were evaluated before and after the implementation of NFPP, i. e., water conservation,soil conservation,carbon sequestration and oxygen release,forest nutrient accumulation,atmosphere environmental purification, and biodiversity protection. [Results ] 1） During the implementation of NFPP,the increment of the amount of water regulation and soil fixation was 157. 57 ×108and 2. 38 × 108 t,respectively. The amount of fertility maintenance,carbon fixation,oxygen release,and forest nutrient accumulation increased by 1 717. 74 × 104,1 573. 03 × 104,3 808. 19 × 104,and127. 83 × 104 t, respectively. The amount of negative ion supply, pollutant absorption, and dust detaining increased by 6. 70 × 1025,4. 29 × 108 kg,and 1 473. 32 × 108 kg,respectively. 2） Values of each ecological function both showed an increasing trend,the total value of this ecological restoration project increased RMB 636. 645 billion Yuan and it was 3. 53 times as much as the total investment of the NFPP. 3） The total value of ecological benefits in the provinces from high to low rate growth was Inner Mongolia（ 65. 63%）,Heilongjiang（ 50. 24%）,and Jilin（ 34. 59%）. 4） The implementation of the NFPP in the key state-owned forest districts in Northeast China and Inner Mongolia showed great potential for ecological benefit and sustainable development. This ecological restoration project was an effective way to alleviate the continuous degradation of forest vegetation,the serious deforestation of natural forests and the prominent contradiction between forest protection and economic development in this study area.[Conclusion] Over time, the NFPP will play better ecological benefits and great potential for development. Study on ecological effects of the NFPP in the Yellow River,Yangtze River and the Xinjiang and Hainan areas is also the focus of future work. Accordingly and wishfully,it will provide scientific reference for the follow-up of the NFPP.