文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：北京市城乡交错区绿地和植物种类的构成与分布

英文题名：Composition and distribution of green space and plant species in the urban-rural ecotone of Beijing

作者：侯冰飞[1] 贾宝全[2] 冷平生[1] 王文和[1]

第一作者：侯冰飞

机构：[1]北京农学院园林学院,城乡生态环境北京实验室,北京市乡村景观规划设计工程技术研究中心,北京102206;[2]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,北京100091

年份：2016

卷号：36

期号：19

起止页码：6256-6265

中文期刊名：生态学报

外文期刊名：Acta Ecologica Sinica

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；CSCD:【CSCD2015_2016】；

基金：北京市自然科学基金资助项目(8132005);北京市属高等学校创新团队建设项目(IDHT20150503)

语种：中文

中文关键词：城乡交错区;卫星影像;绿地;植物多样性

外文关键词：urban-rural ecotone; satellite images; green space; plant diversity

分类号：S731.2

摘要：北京城市化过程中,沿着城-乡过渡带绿地类型与植物种类构成正发生着显著变化,认识这种变化对于城市植物多样性保护和城乡绿化一体化建设是十分必要的。本研究在北京市北部城乡交错区沿城-乡梯度设立由5个边长5 km的正方形(样窗1至样窗5)组成的总面积为125 km^2的样带,采用Geo Eye-1高分辨率卫星全色影像,结合实地普查,对样带内的土地利用情况、绿地类型及植物种类构成与分布进行调查分析,结果表明:(1)样带内不透水面指数为42%,绿地率56.08%,水面面积占总面积的1.92%。沿城-乡梯度不透水面指数逐渐减少,绿地率逐渐增加,绿地类型从城市绿地转变为平原农田为主的生产型与防护型绿地,到山区以风景林为主的林地;(2)样带区内共有维管束植物98科313属481种,其中北京本地种75科216属330种,占总数的68.61%;国内引进种37科62属72种,占总数的14.97%,国外引进种32科70属79种,占总数的16.42%;(3)样带各样窗植物属的区系地理成分包含全国全部15个分布区类型,其中北温带分布型是该区的最主要类型,占总属数的23.3%;之后依次是泛热带分布占17.3%、世界分布占14.1%和旧世界温带分布占10.9%,总的热带分布型植物达到31.6%,主要由一部分少种属和绝大多数单种属构成;(4)沿城-乡梯度植物种丰富度顺序为:样窗3>样窗2>样窗1>样窗4>样窗5,乡土种所占比例沿城-乡梯度升高,从样窗1的67.08%提高到样窗5的87.76%,除样窗3外,其余样窗中国外引进种的比例均高于国内引进种。
Green space and plant diversity and structure have been undergoing significant changes in characteristics and trends along the urban-rural ecotone in Beijing due to the process of urbanization. Analyzing these changes is necessary for the protection of plant diversity and the integration of green construction in urban and rural areas. In this study, based on panchromatic images from GeoEye-1 satellites and a site investigation of a 125 km2 belt zone compositing of 5 square sampling windows （which is 5 km＊5 km from window 1 to window 5） in the northern urban-rural ecotone of Beijing. Land use, composition and distribution of green space and plant species in belt zone were analyzed. Results show that：（1） the impervious surface area index（ISAI）, green space, and water area accounted for 42%, 56.08%, and 1.92% respectively of total belt zone area. Furthermore, along the urban-to-rural gradient, ISAI was reduced and green space increased gradually. The pattern of green space dominated by urban green area turns to protective and productive green area such as traditional farmlands or orchards, ultimately landscape forest in mountain areas. （2） There were 480 plants species belonging to 313 genera and 98 families in the study area, in which 337 species were plants native to Beijing accounting for 70.21% of total plant species, 62 species were introduced from other regions of and 81 species were introduced from foreign countries accounting from 12.92% and 16.88% of total plant species respectively （3） The belt zone contained all 15 areal-types of the Chinese seed plant genera, among them, the North Temperate elements、Pantropical elements、Cosmopolitan elements and Old World Tropic elements accounting for 23.3%, 17.3%, 14.1%, and 10.9% respectively of total genera. Total tropical elements accounted for 31.6%, which consisted of part of the lesser species genera and the vast majority of single species genera. （4） Plant species richness distributed in the order of window 3 〉 window 2 〉 windows 1 〉 window 4 〉 window 5. The ratios of native plants increased gradually from 66.29% in window 1 to 86.93% of window 5 along the urban-to-rural gradient. The proportion of plant species introduced from foreign countries was higher than introduced species from other regions of China in all sampling windows.