文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：美国有机农业发展状况与扶持政策

英文题名：Development of organic agriculture and support policies in US

作者：程磊磊[1,2] 钱小平[2] 尹昌斌[3]

第一作者：程磊磊

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所;[2]日本国际农林水产研究中心;[3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所

年份：2013

期号：10

起止页码：16-20

中文期刊名：世界农业

外文期刊名：World Agriculture

收录：人大复印报刊资料;;国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;北大核心:【北大核心2011】；

基金：JIRCAS与中国农业科学院合作项目"Design and evaluation of recycling-based agricultural production system in upland farming areas of Northern China";国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项"农业清洁生产与农村废弃物循环利用集成配套技术体系研究与示范"(200903011)

语种：中文

中文关键词：有机农业;发展状况;政策;美国;启示

分类号：S345

摘要：美国在全球有机农业中占有重要地位,其有机农业发展经验与政策实践具有借鉴意义。本文回顾了美国有机农业发展状况,系统梳理了其有机农业政策演变。美国有机农业已由早期的供过于求转变为近期的供不应求。20世纪90年代,美国主要致力于制定与实施全国性统一有机标准,以激发有机产品需求;2002年以来,陆续实施了资助有机农业研究、分摊有机认证成本与有机转型成本等政策,以扩大有机产品供给。鉴于美国经验,建议加强有机标准监管以在有机农业内建立起诚信机制,加强对有机农业研究的资助力度,以及加大对有机农业生产的补贴强度。
US is one of the most important leading countries of organic agriculture worldwide. The development experiences and policy practices of US organic agriculture provide valuable implications for China. This paper analyzes the development of and support policies implemented for organic agriculture in US. Recently organic agricultural sector in US has been in short supply, transforming from oversupply of organic products in the early days. In 1990s, US focused on developing and implementing a national organic standard to stimulate domestic demand for organic products. Since 2002, support policies including organic agricultural research funding,organic certification cost sharing and organic transition cost sharing, have been implemented for expanding organic supply. From the development of US organic agriculture and its support policies, several meaningful implications are drawn. Stricter inspection on implementation of the nation organic standard should be enforced,so that the trust foundation in organic sector could be rebuilt in China. More government funds should be devoted to supporting organic agriculture research financially and subsiding organic agricultural production.