文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：中国中东部农田作物水分利用效率时空分布及影响因子分析

英文题名：Spatio-temporal distribution of cropland water use efficiency and influential factors in middle and east of China

作者：仇宽彪[1] 成军锋[2] 贾宝全[3,4,5]

第一作者：仇宽彪

机构：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室;[2]陕西千渭之会国家湿地公园管理处;[3]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所;[4]国家林业局林木培育重点实验室;[5]国家林业局城市林业研究中心

年份：2015

卷号：31

期号：11

起止页码：103-109

中文期刊名：农业工程学报

外文期刊名：Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2014】；CSCD:【CSCD2015_2016】；

基金：国家林业公益性行业专项(201404301)

语种：中文

中文关键词：灌溉;气候变化;作物;水分利用效率;农田;施肥;中东部

外文关键词：irrigation;climate change;crops;water use efficiency;cropland;fertilization;middle and east of China

分类号：S152.75;S161.4

摘要：为研究中国中东部地区农田生态系统水分利用效率时空分布特征,该文利用遥感数据、气象数据以及国家分省区农业统计数据,基于农作物种植结构所划分的地区,通过趋势分析方法,分析了2003-2012年10 a间农田水分利用效率的时空分布特征。结果发现:华北地区农田多年平均水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)高于南方水田区,山东半岛、辽东半岛以及江苏沿海地区农田WUE最高,多年农田WUE均值高达2.0 g/kg,而东北平原及东南丘陵地区农田WUE多年均值则较低,平均在1.5 g/kg以下。中国中东部农田WUE总体上呈上升趋势。其中,华北平原以及松嫩平原农田WUE增加趋势明显,最大年均增幅达0.02 g/(kg·a),而东南丘陵、江淮以及三江平原等地,农田WUE则呈减小趋势,最大年均降幅达-0.007 g/(kg·a)。整体上看,北方地区农田WUE的涨幅高于南方。考虑气候变化后,灌溉和施肥对中国中东部农田WUE的影响较小。气候变化则是影响中东部农田WUE的主要因素。在北方地区,对农田WUE变化有显著影响的因子为年降水量,而在南方地区,年均温的影响则更显著。相比于在中东部北方地区农田WUE年际变化主要受到年降水量对农田蒸散发(evapotranspiration,ET)的影响,在南方地区,农田WUE年际变化则主要受到年均温对农作物总初级生产力(gross primary productivity,GPP)的影响。该研究可为农田区水资源合理利用以及中东部农田生态环境持续发展提供参考。
Water use efficiency （WUE） of vegetation is an important parameter coupling the carbon cycle with water flux in the terrestrial ecosystem, as far as to the whole earth. Under the background of climate change, WUE is likely sensitive to the climatic factors. But for cropland, cultivation, as well as the climate change, also exerts great influences on the long-term WUE. However, questions are still remained about the spatio-temporal distribution of WUE and its affecting factors, for example what factors significantly affect the cropland WUE inter-annual variations and whether the effects of these factors vary with different regions at regional scale. Therefore, in order to obtain the change characteristics of WUE and the influential factors, this study focused on the application of data from moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer （MODIS）, estimated the cropland WUE, analyzed the spatio-temporal patterns and evaluated the effects of climate change and two kinds of cultivation, irrigation and fertilization in the cropland in the middle of east of China. The cropland multiyear averaged WUE and its dynamics were evaluated in five regions that were delineated according to the dynamics of crop planting structure including： RegionⅠrepresenting the area where the crop was dominated by wheat and corn with rapidly expanding maize planting area, RegionⅡwhere the crop was dominated by wheat and corn with expanding planting area, RegionⅢ where the crop was dominated by wheat and rice with expanding planting, RegionⅣ where the crop was dominated by rice with expanding rice planting area and RegionⅤdominated by rice with shrinking rice planting area. Results showed that multiyear averaged WUE was the largest in the North China Plain, Shandong Peninsula and the coast region in Jiangsu, with an average value of 2.0 g/kg, while in the Northeast China Plain and Hilly Region of Southeastern, the multiyear averaged WUE was approximately below 1.5 g/kg. Generally, multiyear averaged WUE was higher in the northern dryland field rather than in the southern paddy field. During the period from 2003 to 2012, the cropland WUE had an increasing trend in the middle and east of China. Compared to the southern paddy field, the northern dryland field had a larger rise. The largest increasing trend was found in the North China Plain where the cropland WUE increased by 0.02 g/kg per year. The cropland WUE showed a decreasing trend in the Hilly Regions of Southeast, area between Yangtze River and Huaihe River and Sanjiang plain with the largest decreasing amplitude approximately -0.007 g/kg per year. Generally, the increasing trend was more prevalent in the northern dryland field rather than in the southern paddy field. Correlation analysis showed that precipitation, effective irrigated area and fertilization were significantly （P＆lt;0.05） correlated with WUE inter-annual variation in RegionⅡ, solar radiation and precipitation in RegionⅢ and annual average temperature in RegionⅣ. For RegionⅡ, due to the high co-linearity between precipitation with effective irrigated area and fertilization, the effects of irrigation and fertilization seem to be negligible for the inter-annual variation of cropland WUE. In the northern dryland field, precipitation was the main factor, while precipitation and annual average temperature were the main factors in the southern paddy field. In the northern dryland field, precipitation significantly controlled cropland evapotranspiration, while in the southern paddy field, the gross primary productivity was strongly regulated by annual average temperature. It is indicated that the different effects of climate on cropland WUE in the middle and east part of China, which will be of great importance on the rational utilization of water resource and the sustainable development of ecological environment in cropland.