文献类型：期刊文献

英文题名：Ancient plastid genomes solve the tree species mystery of the imperial wood "Nanmu" in the Forbidden City, the largest existing wooden palace complex in the world

作者：Jiao, Lichao[1,2] Lu, Yang[1,2] Zhang, Ming[3] Chen, Yongping[1] Wang, Zhaoshan[4] Guo, Yu[1,2] Xu, Chao[5] Guo, Juan[1,2] He, Tuo[1,2] Ma, Lingyu[1,2] Gao, Wenqiang[6] Wang, Jie[1,2] Zhou, Shiliang[5] Zhang, Yonggang[1,2] Jiang, Xiaomei[1,2] Baas, Pieter[7,8] Yin, Yafang[1,2]

第一作者：焦立超;Jiao, Lichao

通信作者：Yin, YF[1]

机构：[1]Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Wood Ind, Beijing 100091, Peoples R China;[2]Natl Forestry & Grassland Adm, Wood Specimen Resource Ctr WOODPEDIA, Beijing, Peoples R China;[3]Northwest Univ, Sch Culture Heritage, Key Lab Cultural Heritage Res & Conservat, China Cent Asia Belt & Rd Joint Lab Human & Envir, Xian, Peoples R China;[4]Chinese Acad Forestry, Res Inst Forestry, Beijing, Peoples R China;[5]Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Bot, Beijing, Peoples R China;[6]Chinese Acad Forestry, Inst Forest Resource Informat Tech, Beijing, Peoples R China;[7]Nat Biodivers Ctr, Leiden, Netherlands;[8]Leiden Univ, Leiden, Netherlands

年份：2022

卷号：4

期号：6

起止页码：696-709

外文期刊名：PLANTS PEOPLE PLANET

收录：;Scopus(收录号：2-s2.0-85136468383);WOS:【SCI-EXPANDED(收录号:WOS:000842527600001)】；

基金：Fundamental Research Funds of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Grant/Award Number: CAFYBB2021QB003; National High-level Talents Special Support Program of China, Grant/Award Number: W02020331

语种：英文

外文关键词：ancient DNA; archeological wood; Forbidden City; Phoebe; species identification; wood anatomy

摘要：Societal Impact Statement Combining natural and social science approaches to conduct archeological research on wooden cultural relics is important for exploring major aspects of ancient civilizations. The Forbidden City in Beijing, China, is the largest existing wooden palace complex in the world. We examined ancient DNA of imperial wood "Nanmu" specimens taken from representative structural components of the Forbidden City, in order to provide a new perspective on the long-standing dispute about its species. This allowed us to accurately identify and properly restore these wooden artifacts and improved our understanding of the past interactions between plant distribution, forest resources, and human activities. Exploring the life styles and production methods of past generations using plant resources can help us to improve our understanding of human civilization. Nanmu, known for its high wood quality, was exclusively used for imperial palace construction in the 15th-19th centuries in China, yet its species has been a subject of long-standing debate. Here, we revisit this unresolved problem, using morphology and ancient DNA (aDNA) to analyze 21 centuries-old Nanmu specimens sampled from representative palaces of the Forbidden City. Cytochemical staining demonstrated that endogenous aDNA sporadically occurs in the wood ray parenchyma cells of Nanmu specimens. High-quality plastid genomes were retrieved from archeological woods for the first time via an aDNA capture method, with 90%-100% coverage (137,663-152,805 bp) and sequence depths of 27.05- to 1409.94-fold. Utilizing these ancient genomes, our results demonstrate that Phoebe zhennan and Phoebe hui are most likely the main species of Nanmu in the Forbidden City. This finding diverges from the prevailing view that Nanmu encompasses woods from the whole genus Phoebe and even its close relative Machilus. It also shows that stringent criteria were used when selecting construction materials for the Forbidden City. By combining morphological traits with aDNA analyses, we provide a new solution for identifying the species of timber used for ancient architecture, and we increase our understanding of the way in which forest resources were recognized and utilized by our ancestors despite the lack of a plant taxonomic framework in ancient times.