文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：失管毛竹林演替过程中乔木树种群落结构和多样性特征

英文题名：Characteristics of Arbor Species Community Structure and Diversity in the Succession of Out-of-Management Phyllostachys edulis Forest

作者：张玮[1] 何玉友[1] 郭子武[1] 汪舍平[2] 陈双林[1]

第一作者：张玮

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,杭州311400;[2]浙江省常山县林业技术推广站,常山324200

年份：2022

卷号：58

期号：12

起止页码：12-20

中文期刊名：林业科学

外文期刊名：Scientia Silvae Sinicae

收录：CSTPCD;;EI(收录号：20232814381625);Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；CSCD:【CSCD2021_2022】；

基金：浙江省重点研发计划项目(2020C02008)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：失管毛竹林;演替;乔木;物种多样性

外文关键词：out-of-management Phyllostachys edulis forest;succession;arbor;species diversity

分类号：S754.5;Q948.15

摘要：【目的】研究生态功能低下的失管毛竹林(仅清除老竹及枯竹,无其他林下垦复干扰)乔木树种群落结构和多样性特征,为制定科学的管护措施、促进失管毛竹林混交化更新提供参考。【方法】在浙西南地区的常山县选取失管8和20年毛竹林,采用样地调查法在2种毛竹林中各设置3块20 m×20 m样地,调查2种毛竹林的毛竹和乔木树种组成及数量等因子,选用重要值、群落相似性系数、生物多样性等指标分析2种毛竹林乔木树种组成、群落结构和多样性等林分特征。【结果】失管20年毛竹林活立木总数较失管8年毛竹林显著升高,升幅达245.9%;失管8年毛竹林乔木树种主要有壳斗科、山茶科等10科14种,优势种为东南石栎;失管20年毛竹林乔木树种有壳斗科、山茶科等7科14种,优势种为木荷;随失管年限增加,木荷、石栎、苦槠等树种在群落中重要值大幅增加,而短柄枹、红楠在群落中的重要值则大幅降低;与失管8年毛竹林比较,失管20年毛竹林高度2.0 m及以上和地径2.1 cm以上的乔木树种多度比例显著提高,壳斗科树种如石栎、苦槠等在高生长及径向生长方面占优;不同演替阶段乔木树种的多样性特征差异较大,随失管年限增加,乔木层树种的丰富度、多样性显著提高,灌木层乔木树种多样性指数差异不显著,草本层乔木树种的物种丰富度、多样性显著降低。【结论】在自然演替过程中,失管毛竹林内乔木树种优势度提高,在浙西南地区,随失管年限增加,木荷、石栎等树种在乔木群落中重要值升高,浙江省部分推荐发展的珍贵树种(如红楠、细叶青冈)在失管竹林中竞争优势不明显,为了促进失管乃至荒废竹林生态功能恢复并向着更有利于形成常绿顶极群落的方向演替,需要定期清理枯死竹,适当降低竹林密度,并对目的树种或珍贵树种进行正向干预。
【Objective】The community structure and diversity of arbor species in unmanaged Phyllostachys edulis forest(old and dead bamboos were removed without other reclamation interference)with low ecological function were studied,aiming to provide a basis for making scientific tending measures and promoting the succession of the unmanaged P.edulis forest to the mixed forest of bamboo and tree.【Method】Two types of unmanaged(8 a and 20 a)P.edulis forests were chosen in Changshan County,southwest Zhejiang Province.The sample plot survey method was used and 3 sample plots in size of 20 m×20 m were set in each type of P.edulis forests.The composition and quantity of P.edulis and arbor species in each type of the P.edulis forests were investigated.The importance value,community similarity coefficient and common biodiversity were used to analyze the arbor species composition,community structure and diversity of two types of the P.edulis forests.【Result】The total number of living trees in the P.edulis forest unmanaged for 20 a were significantly higher than that in the P.edulis forest unmanaged for 8 a,with an increase of 245.9%.There were 14 species and 10 families such as Fagaceae and Theaceae in the P.edulis forest unmanaged for 8 a,the dominant species was Lithocarpus harlandii.There were 14 species and 7 families such as Fagaceae and Theaceae in the P.edulis forest unmanaged for 20 a,the dominant species was Schima superba.With the increasing number of unmanaged years,the important values of S.superba,L.glaber and Castanopsis sclerophylla in the community increased significantly and gradually occupied a dominant position in the tree community,while the important values of Quercus serrata and Machilus thunbergii decreased significantly.Compared with the P.edulis forest unmanaged for 8 a,the proportion of arbor species with height of 2.0 m and above and ground diameter of 2.1 cm and above in the P.edulis forest unmanaged for 20 a increased significantly,and Fagaceae species such as L.glaber and C.sclerophylla were better in height growth and radial growth.The diversity characteristics of arbor species in different succession stages were quite different.With the increase of the number of unmanaged years,the richness and diversity of arbor species in tree layer were significantly improved,and the diversity index of arbor species in shrub layer was not significantly different;The species richness and diversity of arbor species in herb layer decreased significantly.【Conclusion】The dominance of arbor species in the forest increased in the natural succession process of the unmanaged P.edulis forest.The arbor species such as S.superba and L.glaber gradually dominated in the arbor species community in southwest Zhejiang Province.Some recommended precious tree species in Zhejiang(such as M.thunbergii and Cyclobalanopsis gracilis)have no obvious competitive advantage in the unmanaged P.edulis forest.In order to promote positive succession of bamboo-tree mixed forest to evergreen top community and the ecological function of the unmanaged or even abandoned P.edulis forest,it is necessary to carry out appropriate manual measures such as remove old and dead bamboo,reduce the density of bamboo,and carry out positive intervention on target or precious tree species.