文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：日本落叶松种子园和人工林优树自由授粉家系试验林比较

英文题名：Comparison between Larix kaempferi Seed Orchard and Select Tree Open Pollination and Successive Cropping Regeneration Family Test Forest

作者：胡勐鸿[1,2] 吕寻[2] 李万峰[1] 戴小芬[2]

第一作者：胡勐鸿

机构：[1]林木遗传育种国家重点实验室,中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,北京100091;[2]甘肃省小陇山林业实验局林业科学研究所,甘肃省次生林重点培育实验室,甘肃小陇山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,天水741020

年份：2023

卷号：6

期号：2

起止页码：8-16

中文期刊名：温带林业研究

外文期刊名：Journal of Temperate Forestry Research

基金：抗松材线虫病高产落叶松新品种设计与培育(2022ZD0401602);甘肃省林业和草原科技计划项目(2020kj034);中央财政国家林木良种基地良种繁育补助项目。

语种：中文

中文关键词：日本落叶松;种子园自由授粉家系;优树自由授粉家系;试验林性状比较

外文关键词：Larix kaempferi;seed orchard open pollination family;select tree open pollination family;comparison of test forest traits

分类号：S791.223

摘要：【目的】为日本落叶松持续遗传改良提供应用材料和初级无性系种子园去劣疏伐提供依据。【方法】在甘肃小陇山沙坝国家落叶松/云杉良种基地,采用完全随机区组试验设计,在日本落叶松采伐迹地营造了30个优树自由授粉家系(Ⅰ)和25个日本落叶松种子园自由授粉家系(Ⅱ)试验林,试验林Ⅰ和Ⅱ均为15个区组,区组内家系株数2株×2株配置,株行距1.5 m×1.5 m。【结果】种子园自由授粉家系试验林胸径、树高、材积平均达到(6.474±1.474)cm、(6.429±0.885)m、(1.274±0.599)×10^(-2) m^(3),显著高于人工林优树自由授粉家系试验林胸径、树高、材积的13.99%、9.18%和26.94%(P>0.05)。种子园自由授粉家系胸径、树高、材积的表型变异系数和遗传变异系数为13.76%、22.76%、47.02%和4.52%、1.96%、9.54%,家系遗传力和单株遗传力为0.729、0.544、0.735和0.214、0.156、0.210;优树自由授粉家系胸径、树高、材积的表型变异系数和遗传变异系数是21.92%、26.82%、60.03%和4.36%、2.91%、9.76%;家系遗传力和单株遗传力依次为0.645、0.626、0.598和0.169、0.175、0.148;优树自由授粉家系试验林胸径、树高、材积性状的遗传变异比种子园自由授粉家系更加丰富。种子园自由授粉家系子代测定回向选择指导初级无性系种子园去劣疏伐升级1.5代种子园,入选单株直接无性繁殖利用或作为高阶育种应用材料,种子园自由授粉家系按照40%的入选率,入选10个家系,入选家系平均胸径、树高、材积为6.6148 cm、6.8420 m、0.0143 m^(3),在家系选择的基础上,选择50个单株,单株入选率3.58%,入选单株平均胸径、树高、材积达到9.16 cm、7.60 m、0.026 m^(3);入选家系和单株材积的平均遗传增益达到9.39%和22.09%。优树自由授粉家系和单株入选率为30%和3.01%。【结论】种子园自由授粉家系试验林入选单株预期遗传增益为22.09%,可作为高世代种子园营建和进一步遗传改良的应用材料,并直接进行无性系繁殖利用,使育种早见成效。优树自由授粉家系试验林入选单株预期遗传增益为20.66%,补充遗传改良材料,不断丰富和拓展遗传改良材料的遗传基础,确保长期稳定的遗传增益和持续遗传改良。
【Objective】:This paper aims to provide applied materials for continuous genetic improvement of Larix kaempferi and basis for thinning of primary clonal seed orchard.【Method】:In Shaba National Larch/Spruce Improved Seed Base of Xiaolongshan,Gansu Province,30 free pollinator families(Ⅰ)and 25 free pollinator families(Ⅱ)of Larix kaempferi seed orchard were constructed in the Larix kaempferi cutting land by using a completely randomized block experiment design.The test forestsⅠandⅡwere both composed of 15 block groups,and the number of family lines in the block was 2×2,and the row spacing was 1.5 m×1.5 m.【Result】The results show that:The average DBH,tree height,and volume of the open pollination family test forest in the seed orchard reached(6.474±1.474)cm,(6.429±0.885)m,and(1.274±0.599)×10^(-2) m^(3),respectively,significantly higher than 13.99%,9.18%,and 26.94%(P>0.05)of the DBH,tree height,and volume of the open pollination family test forest of select trees in artificial forests.The phenotypic and genetic coefficients of variation for DBH,tree height,and volume of open pollinated families in seed orchards were 13.76%,22.76%,47.02%,and 4.52%,1.96%,and 9.54%,respectively.The heritability of families and heritability of individual plants were 0.729,0.544,0.735 and 0.214,0.156,0.210;The phenotypic and genetic coefficients of variation for DBH,tree height,and volume of the open pollinated families of select trees were 21.92%,26.82%,60.03%,and 4.36%,2.91%,and 9.76%,respectively.The heritability of families and heritability of individual plants were 0.645,0.626,0.598 and 0.169,0.175,0.148,respectively.The genetic variation of DBH,tree height,and volume traits in the test forest of open pollination families of select trees is more abundant than that of open pollination families in seed orchards.Backward selection guidance for determining the progeny of open pollination families in seed orchards,and upgrading primary clonal seed orchards from poor thinning to 1.5 generation seed orchards,The selected individual plants can be directly used for asexual reproduction or used as high-class breeding materials,According to a 40% selection rate,10 families were selected for open pollination in the seed orchard.The average DBH,tree height,and volume of the selected families were 6.6148 cm,6.8420 m,and 0.0143 m^(3),respectively.On the basis of family selection,50 individual plants were selected,with a single plant selection rate of 3.58%.The average DBH,tree height,and volume of the selected individual plants reached 9.16 cm,7.60 m,and 0.026 m^(3).The average genetic gains of selected families and individual plant volume reached 9.39% and 22.09%,respectively.The selection rates of opren pollination families and individual plants for select trees are 30% and 3.01%,respectively.【Conclusion】The expected genetic gain of single plant selected from the free-pollinating family test forest in seed orchard was 22.09%,which could be used as the applied material for the construction of high-generation seed orchard and further genetic improvement,and could be directly used for clone propagation,so as to achieve early breeding results.The expected genetic gain of each selected tree in the free pollination family trial forest was 20.66%,which supplemented the genetic improved material,continuously enriched and expanded the genetic basis of the genetic improved material,and ensured long-term stable genetic gain and continuous genetic improvement.