文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：环境功能材料水肥保持性能的综合评价

英文题名：Comprehensive assessment on soil moisture and nutrient conservation of environment functional materials

作者：李嘉竹[1,2] 黄占斌[2] 鲍芳[1] 陈威[3]

第一作者：李嘉竹

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院荒漠化研究所,北京100091;[2]中国矿业大学(北京),化学与环境工程学院,北京100083;[3]北京尚洋东方环境科技有限公司,北京100070

年份：2018

卷号：16

期号：3

起止页码：125-133

中文期刊名：中国水土保持科学

外文期刊名：Science of Soil and Water Conservation

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2017】；CSCD:【CSCD2017_2018】；

基金：国家重点研发计划项目“风沙入黄防治关键技术研究与示范”(2016YFC0501004); 国家自然科学基金“高分子保水剂对土壤水肥保持和重金属固化多重效应的机理研究”(41571303)

语种：中文

中文关键词：环境功能材料;层次分析法;模糊综合评价;保水;保氮

外文关键词：environment functional material;analytical hierarchy process;fuzzy comprehensiveevaluation;water conversation;nitrogen conversation

分类号：S157.9

摘要：保持水肥、提高水肥利用效率是我国,特别是西北地区土地利用过程中亟待解决的问题。环境功能材料的应用是农业生产和环境治理中水肥保持的新途径。目前对于不同环境功能材料应用效果的综合定量评价仍难以实现,阻碍了环境功能材料的推广及应用。本研究引入层次分析-模糊综合评价法,以土柱淋溶试验结果为例,对一种环境材料配方的保水性、保肥性及经济性进行综合评价。结果发现:当该复合材料中保水剂、沸石、腐殖酸的配比关系为1∶10∶1时,综合效果最好。配比方式最优的复合材料对水分的最优保持效果为空白对照的1.22倍,对氨态氮、硝态氮和尿素态氮的最优保持效果分别是空白对照的1.2、4.12和1.19倍。实验结果为环境功能材料的筛选及综合评价提供了一种行之有效的方法。
[Background] Water deficit and poor fertilizer in soil are very serious in northwestern arid and semi-arid area of China. Meanwhile,water and fertilizer conversation ability of soil is always limited on agricultural development and environmental management in these regions. To search proper additive materials as synergist to improve soil capacity of absorbing and conserving water is an efficient way.Thus,environment functional material is a suitable kind of material with good function,environmental harmonization and economic efficiency. The wide application of environment functional materials provides new method to water and nitrogen conversation in agriculture and environmental harness. With more and more new environment functional materials being developed constantly,a critical problem needs handling is how to evaluate the effects quantitatively of the materials with various composition and proportion. Butno relative effective method has been reported yet. [Methods] In present study,a kind of composite material was chosen as the additive material with three kinds of environment function materials,which were super absorbent polymer（ SAP）,zeolite and humid acid. The soil-column leaching was used experimentally for the effect of the composite material on water-conserving capacity. Ten treatments were formed by different kinds of proportion with each material in three amount levels,including a control treatment as CK with no material added. With four times leaching,the conversation amounts of water and nitrogen were measured after each leaching. Based on the results of soil-column leaching experiment,an analytical hierarchy process-fuzzy comprehensive evaluation（ AHP-FCE） method was introduced to assess the effectiveness of water and nitrogen conservation. Moreover,the economic efficiency of the materials,which was rarely involved in relative studies,was evaluated with AHP-FCE method in this study.[Results]When the application amount of the compound material on unit area was the same,the effect of water conservation was the best when the ratio between the three environmental functional materials SAP,zeolite and humid acid was 2∶ 20∶ 1. When the proportion ratios of the three materials were 1∶ 100∶10,1 ∶ 20 ∶ 0. 2 and 1 ∶ 2 ∶ 1,the effects were the best for ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and urea nitrogen conservation,respectively. When the proportion ratio of the three materials was 1 ∶ 10 ∶ 1,the compound material had the best economic efficiency. The comprehensive effect of the compound material was the best when the proportion ratio of the three materials was 1 ∶ 10 ∶ 1. Compared with the control treatment（ CK） in the experiment,the best conversation effects of water,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and urea nitrogen were 1. 22,1. 20,4. 19 and 1. 19 times of the CK,respectively. The best proportion selection also performed favorable economic efficiency as well. [Conclusions] This study proves the reliability of the comprehensive assessment method for multi-function environmental materials.The AHP-FCE method can avoid the randomness caused by subjective deviation,and the disadvantage of uncertainty of fuzzy evaluation,therefore,the AHP-FCE method can be used effectively in comprehensive evaluation and selection of environment functional materials.