文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：海南不同降雨量地区桉树人工林与天然林及其他经济林分植被多样性差异研究

英文题名：Research of Vegetation Diversity Difference Between Eucalyptus Plantation and Natural Forests and Other Stands in Different Rainfall Areas of Hainan Province,China

作者：薛世玉[1] 崔之益[1] 徐谙为[2] 徐大平[1] 杨曾奖[1] 杨光大[3] 肖嘉杰[3] 刘小金[1] 郭俊誉[1]

第一作者：薛世玉

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广东广州510520;[2]广东生态工程职业学院,广东广州510520;[3]广东省野生动物监测救护中心,广东广州510520

年份：2023

卷号：44

期号：5

起止页码：1039-1051

中文期刊名：热带作物学报

外文期刊名：Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

收录：CSTPCD;;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；CSCD:【CSCD_E2023_2024】；

基金：广东省林业科技创新项目(No.2020KJCX007);广东省林业厅统筹项目(No.2017KJCX001)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：天然林;桉树林;降雨量;植被多样性

外文关键词：natural forest;Eucalyptus forest;rainfall;vegetation diversity

分类号：S718.54

摘要：为探究降雨量和林分类型差异对植被多样性的影响,选取海南省年降雨量明显差异的3个地区设置植被多样性研究试验。经过2014—2019年连续5 a的调查发现,试验区天然林中现存植物种类共计45科58属61种,桉树人工林中有26科37属39种,芒果人工林、马占相思人工林、橡胶人工林由于频繁的人为经营管理,其植被多样性相对较低;不同降雨量地区天然林的物种多样性指数差异显著(P<0.05),桉树人工林则差异不显著;天然林和桉树人工林物种丰富度指数(R)随降雨量的增加而增加,天然林乔木层、灌木层的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)、Simpson多样性指数(D)、Pielou均匀度指数(Jsw)随着降雨量增加而减小,草本层则与之相反;桉树人工林灌木层、草本层的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数则随降雨量增加而增加;物种多样性指数的时间动态变化在天然林和桉树人工林灌木层和草本层波动明显,乔木层的变化则较为平稳。通过分析表明,降雨量是造成地区物种多样性差异的主要原因,与天然林相比,桉树人工林乔木层生态位的缺失是造成其植被多样性较低的主要原因,其他经济林分加之频繁的铲草施肥等人为经营措施而导致物种多样性更低。基于此,营建人工混交林或异龄林改造现有纯林促进人工林乔木层生态位的释放,同时改变其他经济林分经营模式是提高人工林物种多样性的关键。
In order to explore the effects of different rainfall and stand types in the same area on vegetation diversity,three regions with large annual rainfall differences in Hainan were selected to conduct vegetation diversity control ex-periments with different stand types.The results showed that 61 species,58 genera,45 families were present in the nat-ural forests,39 species,37 genera,26 families were present in the Eucalyptus plantations,and the vegetation diversity of Mangifera indica plantations,Acacia mangium plantations and Hevea brasiliensis plantations was relatively low due to frequent artificial management.The effects of rainfall on species diversity index of natural forest were significant(P<0.05),but no significant difference was found in Eucalyptus plantation(P>0.05).The species richness index(R)of natural forest and Eucalyptus plantation increased gradually with the increase of rainfall.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H),Simpson diversity index(D)and Pielou evenness index(Jsw)of tree layer and shrub layer of natural forest decreased with the increase of rainfall,while the herbaceous layer did the opposite.Shannon-Wiener diversity index,Simpson diversity index and Pielou evenness index of shrub layer and herb layer of Eucalyptus plantation increased with the increase of rainfall.The fluctuation of species diversity index was mainly in shrub layer and herb layer of natural forest and Eucalyptus plantation,and the change of tree layer was relatively stable.The rainfall and canopy shaded effect were the important reason for the differences in regional species diversity,compared with natural forest of Eucalyptus plantation tree layer the lack of ecological niche of the vegetation diversity was the main reason for the low and had nothing to do with the tree itself,specific provisions of other economic forest caused by frequent grass fertilizer management was relatively single species diversity.Therefore,the key to improve species diversity of the plantation is to establish a mixed or different-age forest to transform the existing pure forest to promote the release of the niche of the tree layer and change the management mode of other economic stands at the same time.