文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：北京居住区鸟类群落特征及其影响因素

英文题名：Characteristics and influencing factors of bird communities in residential areas of Beijing

作者：殷鲁秦[1] 王成[1] 刘锐之[2]

第一作者：殷鲁秦

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所,国家林业和草原局林木培育重点实验室,国家林业和草原局城市森林研究中心,北京100091;[2]国家林业和草原局西北调查规划院,陕西西安710048

年份：2025

卷号：47

期号：6

起止页码：80-89

中文期刊名：北京林业大学学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Beijing Forestry University

收录：;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：国家自然科学基金项目(32401317);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2022SY006)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：居住区;城市鸟类;季节变化;影响因素;生物多样性

外文关键词：residential area;urban birds;seasonal change;influencing factors;biodiversity

分类号：S731.2;Q958.15

摘要：【目的】城市是鸟类的重要栖息地之一,为全面了解城市生物多样性格局,并探索居住区生物多样性保育策略,本研究以鸟类为研究对象,以北京中心城区的居住区为研究区域,探究城市居住区是否是鸟类的重要活动空间,分析留鸟、候鸟以及不同食性鸟类群落特征的季节变化,并揭示鸟类多样性的影响因素,以期为居住区鸟类多样性保护和生物多样性之都建设提供科学依据。【方法】共选取了40个居住小区,采用直接计数法进行为期一年的鸟类调查。通过方差分析比较了不同季节鸟类群落特征之间的差异,利用主坐标分析对不同季节鸟类的群落构成进行分析,并采用广义线性模型探究居住区环境因子对鸟类群落特征的关键影响因素。【结果】(1)共记录鸟类10目23科51种,其中麻雀为极优势种,灰喜鹊、珠颈斑鸠、喜鹊和白头鹎为优势种。(2)鸟类物种丰富度和多度均呈双峰型分布,春秋季物种数显著高于夏季和冬季,但多度的季节差异性不显著。留鸟的物种数、多度和密度均显著高于候鸟,且候鸟在不同季节间差异显著,而留鸟的差异不显著。不同食性鸟类的物种数、多度和密度均存在显著差异,其中杂食性最高,肉食性鸟类最低,虫食性鸟类的物种随季节变化显著。留鸟和候鸟的群落构成对季节变化的响应不同,候鸟的群落构成随季节发生变化,而留鸟全年稳定无明显变化。(3)留鸟受环境因子影响不显著,而候鸟受环境因子的影响显著。建筑密度、道路密度和建筑层数对鸟类多样性具有负效应,乔木覆盖率具有正效应。【结论】研究揭示了在高度城市化地区,居住区是鸟类的重要活动空间,对维持城市鸟类多样性具有重要作用。乔木覆盖率对鸟类多样性具有显著的积极影响,未来应加强居住区绿地的生境营建,助力城市生物多样性保育。
[Objective]Cities are one of the important habitats for birds.In order to comprehensively understand the characteristics of urban biodiversity and explore strategies for biodiversity conservation in residential areas,this study took birds as the research object and the residential areas in the central urban area of Beijing as research area.We explored whether urban residential areas were important activity spaces for birds,analyzed the seasonal changes in characteristics of resident birds,migratory birds,and bird communities with different feeding habits,and revealed the influencing factors of bird diversity,in order to provide scientific basis for the protection of bird diversity in residential areas and construction of a biodiversity city.[Method]40 residential areas were selected to carry out a one-year bird survey.Variance analysis was used to compare the differences of bird community characteristics in different seasons,and principal coordinates analysis was used to compare bird community composition in different seasons.A generalized linear model was used to explore key factors affecting bird diversity.[Result]A total of 51 species,23 families and 10 orders of birds were recorded.Eurasian tree sparrow(Passer montanus)was the most dominant species.Azure-winged magpie(Cyanopica cyanus),spotted dove(Streptopelia chinensis),common magpie(Pica pica)and light-vented bulbul(Pycnonotus sinensis)were dominant species.The species richness and abundance of birds showed a bimodal pattern.The species in spring and autumn was significantly higher than in summer and winter,but the difference of abundance was not significant.The species,abundance and density of resident birds were significantly higher than migratory birds.There was a significant difference between migratory birds in different seasons,while the difference in resident birds was not significant.The species,abundance and density of birds with different diets were significantly different.The omnivorous was the highest,the carnivorous was the lowest,and the insectivorous changed significantly with seasons.The community structure of resident and migratory birds was different in response to seasonal changes.Migratory birds changed with seasons,while resident birds remained stable throughout the year.The resident birds were not significantly affected by environmental factors,while the migratory birds were significant.Building density,road density and building floors had negative effects on bird diversity,and tree coverage had positive effects.[Conclusion]The study reveals that residential areas are important activity space for birds in highly urbanized areas,which play an important role in maintaining the diversity of urban birds.Arbors have a significant positive effect on bird diversity.In the future,it is necessary to strengthen the habitat construction in residential green space,which help the urban biodiversity conservation.