文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：“三北”工程的林草科技探索与实践

英文题名：Forestry Science and Technology Innovation and Application in the Great Green Wall Project of China

作者：孔维远[1,2] 崔桂鹏[1,2] 高攀[1] 崔梦淳[1] 却晓娥[1,2] 封焕英[2,3] 卢琦[1,2]

第一作者：孔维远

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院生态保护与修复研究所,北京100091;[2]三北工程研究院,北京100091;[3]中国林业科学研究院华北林业实验中心,北京102300

年份：2025

卷号：61

期号：7

起止页码：72-82

中文期刊名：林业科学

外文期刊名：Scientia Silvae Sinicae

收录：;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；

基金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(CAFYBB2024MC020,CAFYBB2024ZA002,CAFYBB2023ZA008-06);国家林业和草原局揭榜挂帅项目(202401);国家自然科学基金项目(32201635)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：“三北”工程;林业科学;生态修复;防护林

外文关键词：the Great Green Wall Project;forestry science;ecological restoration;shelterbelt

分类号：S718.5

摘要：“三北”工程自1978年实施以来,已成为全球瞩目的生态建设典范,在提高森林覆盖率、防治风沙危害与水土流失、增强碳汇以及改善区域生态环境方面成效卓著。林草科技创新是“三北”工程取得成功的不竭动力之一,保障了工程规划、建设与管理的科学性,大幅提高了生态恢复与治理的效率,有力增强了其国际影响力。本文系统评述了林草科技及相关交叉学科成果在“三北”工程实施以来的关键支撑作用,具体涵盖战略布局、基础调查、机理研究、技术创新、监测评估等5个方面。重点介绍了生态退化机制与修复策略、防护林生态水文过程与效应、沙尘源区识别与运输机制等基础机理研究,以及困难立地植被恢复、防护林提质增效、生态治理与产业结合等关键技术模式。在此基础上,指出了未来林草科技创新的战略重点与主攻方向,强调应聚焦以水资源可持续利用为核心的气候变化响应与适应性策略、退化生态系统植被恢复与提质增效、智慧林草技术深度集成与智能化应用、生态产品价值实现机制与生态产业技术创新,以及跨区域协同治理与综合管理等关键领域。本文旨在通过深入剖析科技创新历程、总结实践经验并展望未来科技攻坚方向,为打赢“三北”工程攻坚战和推动林草科技创新提供科学支撑与参考,并为国际社会应对类似生态挑战贡献中国经验与智慧。
Since its implementation in 1978,the Three-North Shelterbelt Project(TNSP,also known as the Great Green Wall Project,GGWP)has become a globally acclaimed paradigm of ecological construction,achieving remarkable success in increasing forest coverage,combating aeolian hazards and soil and water erosion,enhancing carbon sinks,and improving the regional ecological environment.Innovation in forestry and grassland science and technology(S&T)has been one of the consisting driving forces behind the success of the GGWP,ensuring the scientific basis of its planning,construction,and management,significantly improving the efficiency of ecological restoration and governance,and substantially enhancing its international influence,with its technological models receiving widespread recognition.This paper systematically reviews the achievements of forestry and grassland S&T and related interdisciplinary fields and their crucial supporting roles in the implementation of the GGWP,specifically covering five aspects:strategic planning,fundamental surveys,mechanistic research,technological innovation,and monitoring and assessment.It highlights fundamental mechanistic studies on ecological degradation mechanisms and restoration strategies,eco-hydrological processes and effects of shelterbelts,and identification of dust source areas and transport mechanisms,as well as key technological models for vegetation restoration on difficult sites,quality and efficiency improvement of shelterbelts,and the integration of ecological governance with industrial development.Furthermore,the paper points out the strategic priorities and main directions for future innovation in forestry and grassland S&T,emphasizing that special attention should be paid to key areas such as precise climate change response and adaptation strategies centered on sustainable water resource utilization,vegetation restoration and quality-efficiency enhancement of degraded ecosystems,deep integration and intelligent application of smart forestry and grassland technologies,mechanisms for realizing the value of ecological products and innovation in eco-industrial technologies,and cross-regional collaborative governance and integrated management.This paper aims to provide scientific support and reference for winning the critical battle of the GGWP and for promoting forestry and grassland S&T innovation by deeply analyzing S&T history,summarizing practical experiences,and prospecting future innovation directions,and to contribute Chinese experience and wisdom for the international community in addressing similar ecological challenges.