文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：截顶与磷肥施用对马尾松结实能力和养分吸收分配的影响

英文题名：Effects of top pruning combined with phosphorous application on fruiting capacity and nutrient uptake of Pinus massoniana

作者：王文月[1] 丰忠平[2] 王建昌[2] 张振[1] 杨涛[1] 周志春[1]

第一作者：王文月

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所/浙江省林木育种重点实验室/国家林业草原马尾松工程技术研究中心,浙江杭州311400;[2]淳安县林业总场有限公司姥山分场,浙江淳安311700

年份：2024

卷号：30

期号：2

起止页码：342-353

中文期刊名：植物营养与肥料学报

外文期刊名：Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2023】；CSCD:【CSCD2023_2024】；

基金：“十四五”国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFD2200601,2022YED2200202)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：马尾松;截顶;磷肥;雌球花;碳氮磷养分分配;15N贡献率

外文关键词：Pinus massoniana;top pruning;phosphorus fertilizer;female cone;carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient distribution;15N stable isotopes

分类号：S791.248

摘要：【目的】研究截顶配合施用磷肥对马尾松(Pinus massoniana)雌球花密度、枝梢发育与碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)元素吸收与分配的影响,为提高种园管理水平和效益提供理论依据。【方法】以马尾松高产209号和低产225号无性系为材料,布置^(15)N标记的盆栽控制试验,分别在未截顶和截顶小区内,设计施钙镁磷肥0 g/plant(P0)、200 g/plant(P_(200))和400 g/plant(P_(400))处理,在花原基形成期分析了树体自下而上的第一层轮枝(H_(1))、第二层轮枝(H_(2))和顶梢(H_(3))处的针叶C、N、P含量和^(15)N贡献率(Ndff),在盛花期分析了各器官的N、P分配率。【结果】与未截顶相比,截顶处理小区209号的H_(1)处平均枝长、枝粗和雌球花密度分别增加11.06%、40.14%和9.18%,H_(2)处分别增加7.75%、65.81%和65.27%,225号H_(1)处的枝长和枝粗分别增加21.94%和28.99%,H_(2)处分别增加了17.03%和41.01%,且仅有极少量雌球花产生。无论截顶与否,施用磷肥对雌球花密度、枝长和枝粗增长量无显著影响,而品种影响显著。与未截顶相比,截顶处理增加了两个无性系幼苗的C、N、P含量和Ndff值,209号H_(1)处的C、N、P含量和Ndff值分别增加25.05%、9.15%、4.12%和37.72%,H_(2)处分别增加20.57%、8.37%、3.96%和17.09%;225无性系H_(1)处C、N、P含量和Ndff值分别增加2.51%、19.87%、8.84%和30.09%,H_(2)处分别增加20.82%、12.40%、4.39%和19.85%;209号H_(1)处的C:N增加了7.91%。在未截顶处理小区,施磷显著提高针叶C、N、P含量,以P_(400)处理增效最高,而在截顶小区,磷肥施用量只对针叶C和P含量有显著影响。无论截顶与否,施磷处理的针叶Ndff值均高于P0处理,说明磷肥提高了对^(15)N的征调能力。截顶配合施用磷肥提高了针叶的C:N和C:P值。在盛花期,N、P主要分配在老叶和主干中,截顶后209号雌球花的氮、磷分配比例较225号显著增加。【结论】截顶增加了马尾松下层针叶C、N、P素含量,促进下层枝梢生长发育,结实层下移,尤其对高产无性系马尾松的雌球花形成具有积极作用。施用磷肥可提高截顶马尾松对氮素的征调能力,并促进了氮素向雌花球的分配,有利于提高种子产量。
【Objectives】We studied the effects of top pruning and P application rate on female cone density,branch tip development and nutrient uptake of Pinus massoniana,in order to improve seed yield and management level of Pinus massoniana.【Methods】Two clones of P.massoniana with high-yielding(209)and low-yielding(225)were selected as test materials for a pot experiment.The saplings were divided into two groups without and with top pruning.Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer was used as P fertilizer and applied 0,200,and 400 g/plant(denoted as P0,P_(200),and P_(400)),and ^(15)N-urea 10 g/plant was basal applied with P fertilizer at the same time.At the florigenic base formation period,the branch samples of saplings were collected from the first whorl(bottom,H_(1)),second whorl(H_(2))and top whorl(H_(3))for the analysis of C,N,and P contents,and the nitrogen derived from fertilizer(Ndff)was calculated.At full blossom period,partitioning rates of N and P in various organs were analyzed.【Results】Compared with not-pruning,top pruning increased the average branch length,branch diameter,and female cone density of the clone 209 by 11.06%,40.14%,and 9.18%at H_(1),and by 7.75%,65.81%,and 65.27%on H_(2);increased the branch length and thickness of clone 225 on H_(1) by 21.94%and 28.99%,and on H_(2) by 17.03%and 41.01%,but did not change the number of female cones obviously.Regardless of top pruning,P fertilizer did not cause significant differences in female cone density,branch length and branch thickness growth.For clone 209,top pruning increased the leaf C,N,P contents and Ndff by 25.05%,9.15%,4.12%,and 37.72%on H_(1),and by 20.57%,8.37%,3.96%,and 17.09%on H_(2);and for the clone 225,the increment were 2.51%,19.87%,8.84%,and 30.09%on H_(1),and 20.82%,12.40%,4.39%,and 19.85%on H_(2).Top pruning increased the leaf C∶N,N∶P,and C∶P ratios of both clones at H_(1) and H_(2),especially in clone 209 the C∶N on H_(1) was increased by 7.91%.In the not pruning plot,P application significantly increased the C,N,and P content of needle leaves,with the highest increment under P_(400) treatment.In the top pruning plot,P application merely increased the C and P content but did not affect N content significantly.Regardless of top pruning,both P_(200) and P_(400) treatments enhanced Ndff values of needle leaves,compared with P0,indicating that P fertilization improved the uptake of fertilizer N.At flowering period,top pruning did not change the N and P allocation in the organs of clone 225,but stimulated the allocation to female cones in clone 209.【Conclusions】Top pruning could stimulate the needle leaf C,N,P content,and the growth and development of lower branches in P.massoniana,thus promote the formation of female cones in lower branches and lower the fruit bearing layer of P.massoniana,the effect in high-yielding clone is more obvious than in low-yielding clone.Phosphorus fertilization could enhance the ability of nitrogen uptake by P.massoniana,especially from the nitrogen fertilizer.