文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：三峡水库蓄水前、后澎溪河食鱼水鸟对越冬栖息地利用的变化

英文题名：Changes in Wintering Habitat Use of Piscivorous Waterbirds in Pengxi River before and after Impoundment of Three Gorges Reservoir

作者：李秀明[1,2] 程瑞梅[3,4] 孙戈[1] 马天[1] 苏化龙[1] 刘富国[5] 刘小云[5] 盘凯筠[1] 钱法文[1] 肖文发[3,4]

第一作者：李秀明

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091;[2]生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京100091;[3]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,国家林业和草原局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091;[4]南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037;[5]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业实验中心,江西分宜336606

年份：2022

卷号：20

期号：5

起止页码：636-645

中文期刊名：湿地科学

外文期刊名：Wetland Science

收录：CSTPCD;;Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；CSCD:【CSCD2021_2022】；

基金：国家林业和草原局项目(2130237-20-401);国务院三峡工程建设委员会项目(91127-2018)资助。

语种：中文

中文关键词：食鱼水鸟;澎溪河;越冬栖息地;三峡水库

外文关键词：piscivorous waterbird;Pengxi River;wintering habitat;the Three Gorges Reservoir

分类号：Q959.7

摘要：三峡水库蓄水后,水位升高直接影响了长江支流中的鱼类群落结构,进而对以鱼为食的水鸟群落分布产生影响,同时也使水鸟栖息地发生改变。在三峡水库蓄水前的2002年、2005年、2006年和蓄水后的2012年、2015年、2016年每年的1月中旬,对长江重庆段支流澎溪河区域的小(Trachybaptus ruficollis)、普通鸬鹚(Phalacrocorax carbo)、赤颈(Podiceps grisegena)、苍鹭(Ardea cinerea)和白鹭(Egretta garzetta)共5种食鱼水鸟开展了调查,利用谷歌地球在线的2005年和2015年每年1月的卫星影像数据,分析澎溪河区域的6种景观指数和人类活动干扰强度变化;利用广义线性模型,研究三峡水库蓄水后澎溪河区域的6种景观指数和人类活动干扰强度对食鱼水鸟数量的影响及其变化。研究结果表明,三峡水库蓄水后,在澎溪河区域,调查到的食鱼水鸟数量从蓄水前的386只增加至1545只,澎溪河上游河流转弯处浅滩面积大幅增加,下游河流转弯处形成了大面积的水域,这些转弯处区域的斑块密度、近圆形形状指数的中值、回转半径的标准差、面积周长比的加权平均数、邻近指数分布的标准差都减小;虽然通过河流景观指数拟合模型,能够解释澎溪河区域食鱼水鸟分布和种群数量的变化,但是效果一般;在拟合精度较高的模型中,三峡水库蓄水前和蓄水后建筑物数量的重要性都大于50%,蓄水后河流景观回转半径的标准差的重要性大于邻近指数分布的标准差。澎溪河流域的鱼类资源和人类活动状况对流域内食鱼水鸟影响较大,正在实施的长江十年禁渔行动将有利于食鱼水鸟和河流生态的保护。
After the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, the increasing water level in the reservoir area directly affects fish populations, thus influencing the distribution of piscivorous waterbird communities and changing the waterbird habitat. We surveyed the number and distribution of five piscivorous waterbirds,Trachybaptus ruficollis, Phalacrocorax carbo, Podiceps grisegena, Ardea cinerea, and Egretta garzetta, in the Pengxi River, a tributary of Chongqing section of the Yangtze River. The survey was carried out in the middle of January every year in 2002, 2005, and 2006 before the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir and in2012, 2015, and 2016 after the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir. We analyzed 6 landscape indices and anthropogenic disturbance data of the river using Google Earth online satellite image data. Then, a generalized linear model was used to examine the changes and effects on the number of piscivorous waterbirds using landscape indices and anthropogenic disturbance after the impoundment. The results showed that the number of piscivorous waterbirds increased from 386 individuals to 1545 individuals after the impoundment of the individuals. Large shallow areas were added to the bend of the upper river, and large water areas were formed in the bend of the lower river. Five landscape indices decreased, including patch density, median near-circular shape index, standard deviation of the radius of gyration, weighted mean of area-to-perimeter ratio, and standard deviation of proximity index distributions. The model fitted by the river landscape could explain the population changes of piscivorous waterbirds in the Pengxi River, but the fitting was average. In the better-fitting models, the importance of the number of buildings was more than 50% both before and after impoundment. Also, the importance of the standard deviation of the radius of gyration was more than that of the standard deviation of proximity index distributions. The fish resources and human activities had a great impact on the piscivorous waterbirds in the Pengxi River Basin. We believe that the implemented 10-year ban on fishing in the Yangtze River may benefit the protection of the piscivorous waterbirds and the river ecology.