文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：野外-城市交界域的火管理研究进展

英文题名：A Review of Recent Progress in Fire Management of Wildland-Urban Interface

作者：田晓瑞[1] 宗学政[2,3] 王明玉[1]

第一作者：田晓瑞

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所、国家林业和草原局森林保护学重点实验室,北京100091;[2]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所、中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京100101;[3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

年份：2023

卷号：59

期号：6

起止页码：149-158

中文期刊名：林业科学

外文期刊名：Scientia Silvae Sinicae

收录：CSTPCD;;EI(收录号：20233814754102);Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；CSCD:【CSCD2023_2024】；

基金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(42171082)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：城市-野地交界域;火管理;风险评估;风险减缓;火研究

外文关键词：wildland-urban interface;fire management;risk assessment;risk mitigation;fire research

分类号：S762

摘要：城市化进程和居住环境改善导致野外-城市交界域(WUI)在全球范围内不断扩大,且因气候变化,越来越多的WUI存在较高火灾风险。WUI火灾对生态系统和社会具有重大影响,其火管理是当前区域发展面临的一个重要挑战。近年来我国也频繁发生WUI火灾,但针对此类火灾的研究还很少。本文从WUI定义及其火动态研究、火灾风险评估和风险减缓措施3方面系统阐述WUI的火管理研究进展。WUI火灾风险评估特别强调火灾的暴露性和脆弱性以及火烧对环境和社会的影响。火灾风险减缓措施需要基于火险评估结果制定,主要途径包括通过可燃物管理降低WUI的潜在火烧强度和暴露性、改进房屋和其他建筑的材料与设计以提高抗火能力、提高居民的防火意识和防火能力、改善社区的火灾扑救能力和综合抗灾能力。未来应深入探究WUI火蔓延模型、烟雾传输和经济损失模型、WUI可燃物管理技术、WUI规划及相关火管理标准等,开展跨学科和国际合作研究。可靠的火险评估方法和火灾风险减缓技术,将为不同特征的WUI制定相应的火管理对策提供理论和技术支持。我国也面临相关技术需求,应开发WUI火管理技术和标准,提供可靠的火灾风险评估方法和风险减缓技术,提高WUI对火灾的适应能力。
The urbanization process and living environment improvement have led to more and more expansion of wildland-urban interface(WUI)areas throughout the world,and most WUIs face severe fire risks.The impact of WUI fires on ecosystem and society has attracted worldwide attention,and fire management in WUI area has become a challenge for current regional development.Over the last 30 years,WUI fire research has become an important research hot topic.WUI fires have also occurred frequently in China in recent years,but there is little research on such fires.This paper systematically introduces the research achievements on WUI fire from three aspects,such as the definition of WUI and its fire regime,fire risk assessment,and risk mitigation measures.Fire risk assessment of WUI area especially emphasizes the exposure and vulnerability of fires,and the fire impact on the environment and society.The risk mitigation strategy needs to be developed based on the fire risk assessment results,which includes reducing the potential fire intensity and exposure of WUI area through fuel management,improving the construction materials and design of houses and other infrastructure,enhancing fire resistance capacity,heightening the fire awareness and fire resistance capacity of residents,and improving the fire fighting ability and comprehensive disaster resistance capacity of the community.The future research trend is to develop WUI fire spread model,smoke transmission and economic loss model,fuel management technology in WUI area,and WUI planning and relevant management standards.It is needed to carry out interdisciplinary and international research.The research achievements will provide reliable fire risk assessment methods and mitigation technologies,which should provide the supports for formulating corresponding management strategy and risk mitigation schemes for WUI areas with different characteristics.China also needs to improve the fire adaptability of WUI community by formulating relevant technical standards and procedures for WUI fire management,and make targeted fire management plans according to reliable fire risk assessment method and mitigation technology.