文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：中国共产党林业政策百年回顾与展望

英文题名：Review and Prospect of Forestry Policies of the CPC in the Past Century

作者：樊宝敏[1] 李晓华[2] 杜娟[1]

第一作者：樊宝敏

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所,北京100091;[2]国际竹藤中心,北京100102

年份：2021

卷号：43

期号：12

起止页码：5-23

中文期刊名：林业经济

外文期刊名：Forestry Economics

收录：国家哲学社会科学学术期刊数据库;北大核心:【北大核心2020】；

基金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国共产党林草政策史研究”(编号:21BDJ092)。

语种：中文

中文关键词：中国共产党;林业政策;林权改革;生态文明;百年历史

外文关键词：CPC;forestry policy;forest tenure reform;ecological civilization;history of a century

分类号：F326.2

摘要：回顾中国共产党领导人民发展林业的百年光辉历程具有重要意义。文章运用历史学、实证研究和规范分析方法,对中国共产党的林业政策史做了简明梳理。研究表明:在不同时期,中国共产党始终围绕富强美丽的国家战略制定和调整林业政策,努力实现人民对美好生活的向往。在新民主主义革命时期,为了解决农民土地问题,中国共产党实行平均山权林权的政策,赢得广大人民群众的支持。在改革开放前,为了迅速改变中国一穷二百的落后面貌,中国共产党借鉴苏联经验建立林业公有制,在计划经济条件下实行"以木材生产为主"和"大砍大造"的政策,林业发展比较缓慢。改革开放后,为了加快经济发展,中国共产党总结国内外发展经验,创造性地由计划经济转向社会主义市场经济,依法保护和发展森林资源,实行"森林分类经营"和"以生态建设为主"的政策,使森林资源快速增长,生态环境明显改善。在新时代,为实现全面建成小康社会奋斗目标,中国共产党坚持"人与自然和谐共生"的理念,建设生态文明体系,实行依法保护、系统治理、生态扶贫三者相结合的政策,有效促进了林业高质量发展。百年以来,尤其是新中国成立70多年来,林业取得重大成就,森林覆盖率由建国初期的8.6%提高到2020年底的23.04%,昔日的濯濯童山变为绿水青山。总结历史经验,靠的是中国共产党的正确领导、坚守美丽目标、因宜施策、法策并举、善用市场的政策。展望未来,前程美好,任务艰巨:林业政策的制定和调整要注重提升以林长制为基础的治理能力、加强林地保护和森林分类经营、完善林业市场经济体制、健全生态补偿和生态护林员制度。
It is of great significance to review the glorious history of forestry development led by the Communist Party of China(CPC). The history of the party’s forestry policy had been briefly sorted out by using the methods of history, empirical research and normative analysis. The research showed that in different periods, the CPC had formulated and adjusted forestry policies around national strategies to realize people’s yearning for a better life. During the new democratic revolution, in order to solve farmers’ land problems, the CPC adopted a policy of equalizing the rights of mountains and forests, which was supported by people. Before the reform and opening up, in order to quickly change the backward situation, the CPC drew lessons from the experience of the Soviet Union to establish public ownership of forestry, under the condition of planned economy, the policy of "focusing on wood production" and "large-scale cutting and large-scale afforestation" had been implemented, so the forestry development was relatively slow. After the reform and opening up, in order to speed up economic development,the CPC summarized the experience of development at home and abroad, creatively transformed from a planned economy to a socialist market economy, protected and developed forest resources in accordance with the law, and implemented the policy of "classified forest management" and "focusing on ecological construction", so the forest resources were increased rapidly, the ecological environment was improved significantly. In the new era, in order to achieve the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, the CPC adhered to the concept of "harmonious coexistence between man and nature", built an ecological civilization system, and implemented policies that legal protection, systematic governance and ecological poverty alleviation were combined to effectively promote high-quality development of forestry. Over the past hundred years, especially since the founding of the People’s Republic of China(PRC)70 years ago, great achievements had been made in forestry. The forest coverage rate was increased from 8.6 percent in the beginning of the founding of the PRC to 23.04 percent by the end of 2020. To sum up historical experience, owing to the leadership of the CPC, perseverance of beautiful goal, appropriate policies,simultaneous implementation of legislation and policies, and good use of the market were implemented. Looking ahead, the prospects are bright and the tasks are arduous. In the formulation and adjustment of forestry policy,attention should be paid to improving the governance ability based on the forest officer system, to strengthen forest land protection and forest classified management, to perfect forestry market economy system, to improve the system of compensation for ecological benefit and the system of ecological rangers.