文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：典型城市森林和湿地的小气候效应及人体舒适度影响——以杭州市为例

英文题名：The Microclimate Effects of Typical Urban Forests and Wetland and Its Effects on Human Comfort Degree——Taking Hangzhou as an Example

作者：董建华[1] 何奇江[1] 高月[2] 王艳英[3] 叶兵[2] 张志勇[2] 华锦欣[1]

第一作者：董建华

机构：[1]杭州市林业科学研究院,浙江杭州310022;[2]中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所,北京100091;[3]温州科技职业学院,浙江温州325006

年份：2019

卷号：45

期号：6

起止页码：101-107

中文期刊名：环境保护科学

外文期刊名：Environmental Protection Science

收录：CSTPCD

基金：杭州市社会发展科研项目(20160533B88);浙江省省院合作林业科技项目(2016SY17);国家林业局公益性行业科研专项(201104035)资助

语种：中文

中文关键词：城市森林;城市湿地;小气候效应;人体舒适度

外文关键词：Urban Forest;Urban Wetland;Microclimatic Effect;Human Comfort

分类号：X171.1

摘要：以杭州典型城市森林和城市湿地为研究对象,并选择城市中心区为对照,于2016年6~8月,按照数据采集频率为10 min的间隔对气温、相对湿度、风速等3项指标进行24 h动态监测,以此来分析城市森林和湿地小气候效应及对人体舒适度的影响。结果表明:城市森林和城市湿地具有明显的降温增湿作用,在气温最高的7月降温效益最明显,降温幅度分别达到1.2~3.3℃和1.0~4.1℃,白天城市森林的降温幅度更高,夜间城市湿地的降温幅度更高;在相对湿度最低的8月增湿效益最明显,增湿幅度分别达到5.8%~20.4%和12.6%~27.0%,城市湿地的增湿幅度高于城市森林;6月份城市森林、城市湿地和对照区的综合舒适度指数均较小(S<6.95),适合出行。7和8月份城市森林和城市湿地的综合舒适度指数均小于对照区,全天感觉不舒适或极不舒适的时段整体均比市中心对照缩短5 h,人们在早上11∶00之前和傍晚18∶00以后到公园开展游憩活动体感会更加舒适。研究的结果可作为城市森林和湿地生态服务功能评价的一部分,并可为市民休闲出行和城市绿地规划提供理论依据。
The typical urban forests, urban wetlands and one control site in urban central area in Hangzhou were chosen for long-term monitoring for the effects of microclimate on the human comfort.The data of air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were collected for 24 h continuously with 10 min acquisition frequency.The results showed that urban forests and urban wetlands had obvious temperature-decreasing and humidity-increasing functions.The temperature-decreasing function was most obvious in July which month had the highest temperature.Compared with urban central area, the urban forests and urban wetlands could decrease temperature by 1.2~3.3℃and 1.0~4.1℃, respectively.The scale of decreasing in temperature of urban forests was higher than that of urban wetlands in daytime, but it had an adverse effect at night.The humidity-increasing function was most obvious in August which month had the lowest relative humidity, compared with urban central area, the urban forests and urban wetlands could increase the humidity from 5.8%~20.4% and 12.6%~27.0%, respectively.The scale of increasing in humidity of urban wetlands was higher than that of urban forests all day.In June, the comprehensive comfort index of urban forests, urban wetlands and control area was less than 6.95 which was suitable for travel.In July and August, the comprehensive comfort indexes of urban forest and urban wetlands are better than the control places,the uncomfortable time is shorten by 5 h.Thus,people will feel comfortable in Park before 11∶00 am or after 18∶00.The research findings could be part of ecological assessment of typical urban forest and urban wetlands.Additionally,it also can provide a theoretical support for traveling and urban planning in green lands.