文献类型：期刊文献

中文题名：深圳3处典型城市森林的春季生物声景多样性

英文题名：Diversity of Soundscape in Three Urban Forests in Spring,Shenzhen

作者：郝泽周[1] 王成[1] 裴男才[2] 徐心慧[1] 张昶[1] 段文军[1] 王子研[1]

通信作者：Wang, Cheng

机构：[1]中国林业科学研究院林业研究所国家林业和草原局城市森林研究中心,北京100091;[2]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广州510520

年份：2020

卷号：56

期号：2

起止页码：184-192

中文期刊名：林业科学

外文期刊名：Scientia Silvae Sinicae

收录：CSTPCD;;EI(收录号：20201408370398);Scopus;北大核心:【北大核心2017】；CSCD:【CSCD2019_2020】；

基金：林业公益性行业科研专项经费项目“美丽城镇森林景观的构建技术研究与示范”(201404301)

语种：中文

中文关键词：声音景观;城市森林;时空变化;鸟鸣声;虫鸣声

外文关键词：soundscape;urban forestry;spatio-temporal variation;birds call;insects sounds

分类号：S759.92

摘要：【目的】研究森林鸟鸣和虫鸣声变化特征及影响因素,进一步了解城市森林背景下鸟虫等发声生物群落的活动规律和时空格局,为生物多样性调查与保护提供新思路。【方法】以深圳园山风景区内3处典型城市森林样地(山麓、河谷及山脊)在春季的声音为对象,通过物种识别、鸣叫频率、频谱图分析、声学复杂性指数等手段进行声音信号量化,同时结合环境因子(植被组成与空间结构、光照强度、温度、相对湿度、风速等)进行影响因素分析,明确发声生物群落的活动规律和影响机制。【结果】深圳春季森林声音景观主要有鸟鸣声、虫鸣声及鸟虫混合声3种声音组成,其中优势的鸟鸣发声群落由红嘴相思鸟、白头鹎、红耳鹎、长尾缝叶莺、棕腹杜鹃和栗背短脚鹎等鸟类组成,虫鸣发声群落主要由蝉、蟋蟀和螽斯组成。从时间上看,日出和日落时段鸟鸣声占主导地位;到夜间鸟鸣声消失,虫鸣成为主导;其余时段则主要为鸟虫混合声。此外,将森林声景与3种森林植被群落特征(多样性、均匀度、优势度、垂直结构及物候)、气象因子等指标进行综合分析,表明植被空间结构、灌木层物候变化、光照强度在春季对鸟鸣和虫鸣的影响较大;在植被垂直结构较为简单,同时灌木层物候明显的山脊样地,鸟鸣声和虫鸣声活动最丰富。【结论】深圳春季森林声景观的声音元素组成具有明显的规律性的日内变化。同时,植被群落特征和气象因子对发声生物群落的影响显著。通过研究声音景观变化特征及其影响因子,能够更充分地了解森林景观特征,为森林景观资源的保护和利用提供数据和理论支持,使市民更充分地享受绿色福利。
【Objective】In this study,we investigated the characteristics and influencing factors of birds’and insects’sound in forests to understand the activity and spatio-temporal pattern of vocal communities in urban forest background.This study aims to further understand important landscape resources in urban forests and provide new ideas for the investigation and conservation of biodiversity.【Method】Based on the biophony at 3 urban forest sites(foothills,river valleys and ridges)in the Yuanshan Park in spring,the sound signals quantified by species identification,frequency analysis,spectrum analysis and Acoustic Complexity Index(ACI).The environmental factors(vegetation composition,vertical structure,illumination,temperature,relative humidity,wind speed),were analyzed to identify the activity rule and mechanism of the vocal community.【Result】The results showed that the spring forest soundscape in Shenzhen was composed of 3 kinds of sound,namely,the sound of birds,the sound of insects and the mixed sound of birds and insects.The dominant vocal communities were Red-billed Leiothrix(Leiothrix lutea),Light-vented Bulbul(Pycnonotus sinensis),Red-whiskered Bulbul(Pycnonotus jocosus),Common Tailorbird(Orthotomus sutorius),Malaysian Hawk-Cuckoo(Cuculus fugax)and Chestnut Bulbul(Hemixos castanonotus).Sounding community of insects was composed of Cicadas(Cicadidae),Crickets(Gryllidae)and Tettigoniidae.In terms of temporal change,the sound of birds in the sunrise and sunset period was dominant;the sound of birds disappears in night,while the sound of the insects became dominant.The rest of day was the mixture sounds of birds and insects.In addition,the relationship of forest soundscape with characteristics of vegetation communities(diversity,evenness,dominance,vertical structure and phenology)and meteorological factors were analyzed.The results showed that the spatial structure of the vegetation,the phenology of the shrub layer and the intensity of illumination had great influence on the bird’s and insect’s vocal activities in spring.The birds’and insects’vocal activities were the most abundant in the ridge where the vertical structure of vegetation was simple,and the phenology of shrub layer was obvious.【Conclusion】The spring soundscape of Shenzhen is characterized by different sound elements at different time periods,showing abundant variation characteristics and obvious regularity.At the same time,the characteristics of the vegetation community and the meteorological factors have a significant influence on the vocal community.Through the study onthe characteristics of the soundscape and its influencing factors we can fully understand the forest landscape,provide data and theoretical support for the protection and utilization of forest landscape resources,and enable the citizens to enjoy the green welfare.